FA - Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
1
Q
Antidesmoglein (epitheliall) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
2
Q
Anti-glomerular BM antibodies
A
Goodpasture (GN + Hemoptysis)
3
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug induced lupus (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)
4
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
RA
5
Q
Antimitochondrial antibodies
A
PBC
6
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA) –> Wegener
p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA) –> Microscopic poluangiitis + Churg-Strauss syndrome
7
Q
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: Anti-Smith, anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE - HRS III.
8
Q
Antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
9
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse scleroderma
10
Q
Anti-transglutaminase
Anti-gliadin
Anti-endomysial
A
Celiac disease
11
Q
Apple core lesion on abdominal X-ray
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
12
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods –> AML M3 –> promyelocytic.
13
Q
Bacitracin response
A
Sensitive - Strep pyogenes (group A)
Resistant - Strep agalactiae (group B)
14
Q
“Bambo spine” on x-ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis
15
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies - due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen.
16
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
- Lead poisoning
2. Sideroblastic anemia
17
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
18
Q
“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray
A
- FALLOT
2. RVH
19
Q
Branching gram(+) rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
20
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor - can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome.
21
Q
“Brown” tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica –> deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color.
22
Q
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease
23
Q
Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
A
Rapidly progressive crescentic GN
24
Q
“Chocolate cyst” of ovary
A
Endometriosis - frequently involves both ovaries
25
Circulating grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes:
1. Neuroblastoma
2. Medulloblastoma
3. Retinoblastoma
26
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
CF
27
DOWN AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality.
28
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis --> 3o syphilis
| Subacute combined degeneration --> dorsal columns + lateral corticospinal tracts affected.
29
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson
30
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals
31
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies --> Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary.
32
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement + hyperchromasia
Koilocytes
33
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl eye" appearance of CMV
34
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei --> Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
35
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body - Alcohol liver disease.
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body - Parkinson
37
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body --> toxic/viral hepatitis, often yellow fever.
38
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal + cerebellar nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies
39
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques --> Alzheimer
40
Giant B cell with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (HL)
41
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies --> Yolk sac tumor.
42
"Hair on end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray
Beta-thalassemia
| SCA --> Marrow expansion
43
hCG elevated
1. Choriocarcinoma
| 2. Hydatidiform mole --> occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy.
44
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (RF).
45
Heterophile antibodies
IM
46
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma - Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules.
47
Elevated D-dimers
DVT
PE
DIC
48
Hilar lymphadenopathy
| Peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify).
Ghon complex --> 1o TB.
49
Honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
50
Hypercoagulability --> Leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis
Trousseau syndrome --> Adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung.
51
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia - EITHER B12 OR FOLATE.
52
HTN
Hypokalemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome
53
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
1. Iron def.
2. Lead poisoning
3. Thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)
54
Incr. AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
1. Dating error
2. Anencephaly
3. Spina bifida (neural tube defects)
55
Incr. uric acid levels
1. Gout
2. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
3. Tumor lysis syndrome
4. Loop + Thiazides
56
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies --> HSV or CMV.
57
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies --> Asbestosis: Incr. risk for mesothelioma.
58
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
SCC
59
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes
| Immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi
60
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
UC (loss of haustra)
61
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular BM
Goodpasture
62
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease - Hepatolenticular degeneration.
63
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance off glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal GN --> Immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b.
64
Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
65
Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
66
Monoclonal antibody spike
1. Multiple myeloma (usually IgG, or IgA)
2. MGUS --> consequence of aging.
3. Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM)
4. Primary amyloidosis
67
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
"Signet ring"
68
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
String sign - Crohn disease
69
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) + Necrotizing GN
1. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis - Wegener
| 2. Goodpasture
70
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout - monosodium urate crystals.
71
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules - Diabetic nephropathy
72
Novobiocin response
Sensitive --> S.epi
| Resistant --> S.sapro
73
Nutmeg liver
CHRONIC passive congestion of live due to RHF.
74
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma - malignant ROUND cell tumor.
75
Optochin response
Sensitive --> S.pneumo
| Resistant --> Viridans strep
76
Periosteum raised from bone --> Creating triangular area
Codman triangle on x-ray -->
1. Osteosarcoma
2. Ewing
3. Pyogenic osteomyelitis
77
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease - child with nephrotic syndrome.
78
Polished, "ivory-like" appearancce of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation --> Osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis.
79
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
1. Neurofibrillary tangles - Alzheimer
| 2. Pick bodies - Pick
80
Psammoma bodies
1. Meningiomas
2. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
3. Mesothelioma
4. Papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
81
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
82
RBC cast in urine
Acute GN
83
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals --> Leydig cell tumor.
84
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral renal injury
85
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout --> Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals
86
Rib notching
COTA
87
Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
1. T.gondii
| 2. CNS lymphoma
88
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages --> starry sky histology.
Burkitt
89
Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies --> Pick disease --> progressive dementia, changes in personality.
90
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of the bone - usually benign.
91
"Spikes" on BM, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous GN --> May progress to nephrotic syndrome.
92
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation --> High ESR, MM.
93
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" - G.vaginalis
94
"Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules:
1. Langerhans cell histiocytosis
2. Histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma
95
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn --> Arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs
96
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis - H.influenza
97
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
98
"Tram track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular BM on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative GN
99
TGs accumulation in liver cell vacuoles.
Fatty liver disease --> Alcoholic or metabolic syndrome.
100
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
101
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
102
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL
103
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
104
Yellowish CSF
Xanthocromia --> Due to subarachnoid hemorrhage.
105
Antidentromere antibodies
Scleroderma (CREST)
