Fall Final Flashcards
What is a hypnotic?
Drug used to institute and maintain sleep.
What is a sedative?
Drug used to produce mental relaxation and reduce the desire for physical activity.
What are the 3 major groups of sedative/hypnotic drugs?
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepine like drugs
What is the most relevant GABA receptor in regards to sedative-hypnotic drugs?
GABA-A
What is GABA-A? What is its mechanism of action?
A chloride ion channel. Influx of cl- will hyper polarize the cell making it less likely to respond to a stimulus.
What secondary receptor sites does GABA-A have?
What is their mechanism of action?
Benzo site
Barbiturate site
Ethanol site
They are not true agonists.
They help GABA open cl- channels earlier or keep them open longer. This potentiates the effect of GABA.
What is the MOA of barbiturates?
Increases the effect of GABA by binding to GABA-A and increasing the duration of the open ion channel.
List some negative effects of barbiturates.
Powerful respiratory depressant - readily fatal in OD
Hypotension
High abuse potential
Negative inotropic effects
Decreases REM sleep
Induces synthesis of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes
Low therapeutic index
What do most barbiturate drug names end in?
-al or -barbital
Name 2 barbiturates?
phenobarbital (Luminal)
secobarbital (Seconal)
What is the MOA of benzos?
Binds to the GABA-A receptor increasing the ease of which GABA opens the ion channel.
Name 3 benzo-like drugs
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Zaleplon (Sonate)
Eszopiclione (Lunesta)
Name 3 connections between alcohol use and hypoglycemia
Decreased glycogen stores from chronic use
Gluconeogenesis inhibition
Increased insulin production
Name 3 types of anesthesia.
Local anesthesia
Monitored anesthesia care (conscious sedation)
General anesthesia (patient is totally unaware)
When referring to general anesthesia, what is the induction?
The time required to take the patient from consciousness to stage 3
