Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Drug Profile Maintenance > Flashcards

Drug Profile Maintenance Flashcards

0
Q

Activated charcoal:
Mechanism:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side effects:

Dosage:

A

Activated charcoal:
Mechanism: adsorbs toxins to outside of charcoal

Indications: selected ingestions <2hrs prior

Contraindications: AMS unless administered by NG tube while airway is protected by endotracheal tube

Side effects: abdominal cramping, constipation

Dosage: OHSU: 1g/kg
Till: 50g adult, 1g/kg ped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Acetaminophen

Class:

Mechanism:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Dose:

A

Acetaminophen

Class: antipyretic

Mechanism: affects the hypothalmus heat regulation center

Indications: fever

Contraindications: none

Dose: adult - 650-1000 mg
Pediatric - 10-20 mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adenosine:
Class/Mechanism:

Onset:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Interactions:

Dosage:

A

Adenosine:
Class/Mechanism: antidysrhythmic; slows/blocks conduction through the AV node

Onset: immediate, half life of 10 seconds

Indications: SVT

Contraindications: AFib or aflutter w/history of WPW

Interactions: theophylline & caffeine decrease the effectiveness of adenosine. Carbamazepine & dipyridamole (seizure meds) potentiate adenosine.

Dosage: adult: 6mg/rapid flush. Follow with up to 2 additional 12mg doses/rapid flush.
Ped: 0.1mg/kg rapid flush, 2nd dose of 0.2mg/kg if needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Albuterol:
Class/mechanism:

Onset: immediate
Duration:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side effects:

Dosage:

A

Albuterol:
Class/mechanism: anti-asthmatic beta 2 adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetic)

Onset: immediate
Duration (tillamook): 4-6hrs

Indications: asthma, anaphylaxis, COPD, shortness of breath associated with pneumonia or CHF

Contraindications: none in the prehospital setting

Side effects: minimal beta 1 stimulation may cause hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations or anxiety.

Dosage: 2.5mg in 3mL saline nebulized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Amiodarone:
Class/mechanism:

Onset/duration:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side effects:

Dosage:

A

Amiodarone:
Class/mechanism: antidysrhythmic; depresses automaticity of the SA node, slows conduction and increases refractories of the AV node, increases atrial and ventricular refractory periods, prolongs QT interval.

Onset/duration: rapid onset with long duration

Indications: Vfib, pulseless Vtach, vtach w/pulse (wide complex tach)

Contraindications: none (Tillamook - pregnancy)

Side effects: hypotension, prolonged QT, bradycardia, AV block, may be prodysrhythmic.

Dosage: Vfib/pulseless vtach: 300mg, repeat once @ 150mg
Vtach w/pulse: 150mg over 10min.
Pediatric Vfib/pulseless vtach: 5mg/kg, repeat once @2.5mg/kg
Pediatric vtach w/pulse: 2.5mg/kg over 10min,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aspirin (ASA, acetylsalicylic acid)
Class/mechanism:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Dosage:

A

Aspirin (ASA, acetylsalicylic acid)
Class/mechanism: prostaglandin inhibitor causing platelet inhibition

Indications: cardiac chest pain

Contraindications: active GI bleed, suspected aortic dissection.

Dosage: 324mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atropine
Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Precautions:

Side effects:

Dosage:

A

Atropine
Class: parasympatholytic, anticholinergic, antimuscarinic

Mechanism: competitive antagonist for acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors blocking the effects of the parasympathetic system.

Onset: immediate

Indications: symptomatic bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, nerve agent poisoning.

Contraindications: none. Unlikely to be effective with high degree heart blocks. Avoid in hypothermic bradycardia.
Tillamook contraindications: a-flutter, hypothermia

Dosage: bradycardia: 0.5mg q. 3-5min. Max 3mg.
Poisoning: 2-5mg - OLMC for frequency
Pediatric dose (Brady or poison) 0.02 mg/kg q.3-5min. Max 3mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Calcium Chloride

Class/Mechanism:

Onset/Peak

Indications

Contraindications

Side Effects

Interactions

Dosage

A

Calcium Chloride

Class/Mechanism: Electrolyte. Antagonizes cardiotoxicity of hyperkalemia by stabilizing cardiac cell membranes against unwanted depolarization.

Onset/Peak: Immediate

Indications: Hyperkalemia, CCB O.D., hypotension associated with mag sulfate, hydrofluoric acid burns.

Contraindications: None

Side Effects: Tissue necrosis; push slowly.

Interactions: Will precipitate if mixed with sodium bicarb

Dosage: 5-10ml slow IV push

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dexamethasone

Class:

Mechanism:

Indications:

Side effects:

Dosage:

A

Dexamethasone

Class: corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory

Mechanism: synthetic steroid suppresses chronic and acute inflammation. Reduces bronchial hyper reactivity and mucus production. Increases the number and responsiveness of beta 2 receptors in the lungs.

Indications: asthma, allergic reaction, COPD, croup

Side effects: nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness

Dosage: adult - 10mg IV or IM
Pediatric - 0.3mg/kg IV or IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dextrose (D50)

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:

Indications:

Precautions:

Dosage:

A

Dextrose (D50)

Class: carbohydrate

Mechanism: increases blood sugar levels

Onset: immediate

Indications: hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia (if given concurrently with insulin)

Precautions: tissue necrosis, use large bore IV. Give concurrent thiamine if malnutrition is suspected.

Dosage: Adult: 25g bolus, may give 2nd 25g dose
Pediatric: 0.5g/kg
I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset/Peak:
Duration:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Dosage:

A

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Class: Calcium Channel Blocker

Mechanism: Inhibits depolarization of the SA & AV nodes, slowing conduction through the AV node.

Onset/Peak: immediate
Duration: 1-3 hrs.

Indications: Afib/Aflutter w/RVR, SVT refractory to adenosine

Contraindications: hypotension, cardiogenic shock, WPW (Wolf Parkinsons White)

Side Effects: hypotension, headache, dizziness, bradycardia, heart block, asystole

Dosage: 0.25mg/kg SLOW IV, may repeat at 0.35mg/kg @ 15min. Max single dose: 20-25mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diphenhydramine

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:
Duration:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side effects:

Dosage:

A

Diphenhydramine

Class: Antihistamine, H1 antagonist

Mechanism: antagonizes H1 receptors. Also posesses anticholinergic properties resulting in antidyskinetic, antiemetic, and sedative effects.

Onset: <2min IV, 15-30 min IM
Duration: 5-10 min. IV, 20-30 min. IM

Indications: anaphylaxis, allergic reaction, dystonic reaction

Contraindications: none

Side effects: anticholinergic effects

Dosage: 25-50 mg
Pediatric dose: 1mg/kg up to adult dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dopamine

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Dosage:

A

Dopamine

Class: sympathomimetic, vasopressor

Mechanism: stimulates alpha, beta 1, and dopaminergic receptors.

Onset: rapid onset as long as drip is infused

Indications: Bradycardia, symptomatic hypotension (not in trauma).

Contraindications: pheochromocytoma, uncorrected tachydysrhythmias

Dosage: 5-20mcg/kg/min
5-10mcg/kg/min - increased cardiac output
10-20mcg/kg/min - peripheral vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Droperidol (Inapsine) & Haloperidol (Haldol)

Class:

Mechanism:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Precautions:

Side Effects:

Dosage:

A

Droperidol (Inapsine) & Haloperidol (Haldol)

Class: Sedative, antipsychotic

Mechanism: unknown

Indications: chemical restraint

Contraindications: Hypotension, prolonged QT

Precautions: cardiac monitoring required

Side Effects: extrapyramidal symptoms (have diphenhydramine ready)

Dosage: Droperidol: 14-60y/o = 2.5-5mg IV or IM
Droperidol: over 60 = 2.5mg IV or IM
Haldol: 2-5mg IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epinephrine

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Interactions:

Dosage:

A

Epinephrine

Class: Sympathomimetic, adrenergic agonist

Mechanism: Alpha 1 stimulation: vasopressor
Beta 1 stimulation: + inotropic, chrono, dromo
Beta 2 stimulation: bronchial dilation, mast cell
inhibition

Onset: immediate (IM: 5-15 min)

Indications: Cardiac arrest per ACLS guidelines
Anaphylxis, bradycardia, croup

Contraindications: none

Interactions: Sodium bicarb will deactivate catecholemines

Dosage: Cardiac Arrest: 1mg 1:10,000
Anaphylaxis: 0.3mg IM 1:1000
Bradycardia: 2-10mcg/min drip
Croup: 0.5 mg nebulized racemic in 3ml saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Etomidate

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:
Duration:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Dose:

A

Etomidate

Class: General anesthetic/induction agent

Mechanism: Decreases activity of the reticular formation in the brain.

Onset: 10-20 sec
Duration: 3-5 min

Indications: RSI

Contraindications: none

Dose: 0.3mg/kg max 20mg

16
Q

Fentanyl

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:
Duration:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Dosage:

A

Fentanyl

Class: opioid analgesic (narcotic)

Mechanism: binds with opioid receptors in the brain to provide analgesia

Onset: less than 1 minute
Duration: 30-60 min

Indications: moderate to severe pain

Contraindications: hypotension, head injury

Dosage: 2mcg/kg max 100mcg

17
Q

Glucagon

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Precautions:

Dosage:

A

Glucagon

Class: hormone, antihypoglycemic

Mechanism: breaks down glycogen stores in liver to raise blood glucose levels. Also stimulates the heart through non-adrenergic means to combat Beta Blocker O.D.

Onset: 5-20 min.

Indications: hypoglycemia when IV is unobtainable, BB O.D., Calcium Channel Blocker O.D.

Contraindications: none

Precautions: ineffective in patients with reduced glycogen stores.

Dosage: hypoglycemia: 1mg IM
BB/CCB O.D.: 3-10mg IV

18
Q

Furosemide

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Precautions:

Side Effects:

Dosage:

A

Furosemide

Class: Loop Diuretic

Mechanism: blocks reabsorption of Sodium and Chloride in the kindneys causing increased diuresis.

Onset: 5-15 min

Indications: Pulmonary edema, hypertensive crisis, hyperkalemia

Contraindications: hypotension, pregnancy

Precautions: avoid in patients with sulfa allergy or pneumonia

Side Effects: hypotension, hypokalemia, muscle cramps

Dosage: 20-80mg

19
Q

Insulin

Class:

Indications:

Dosage:

A

Insulin

Class: hormone

Indications: hyperkalemia (concurrent D50 if CBG <400)

Dosage: 5-10 units

20
Q

Lorazepam (what is the trade name)

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:

Duration:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Dosage:

A

Lorazepam - Ativan

Class: Benzo, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic

Mechanism: Enhances activity of GABA, the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Onset: 1-2 min IV; 5-15 min. IM

Duration: 30-60 min.

Indications: Seizures, premed for cardioversion or TCP, intubation, muscle spasms, anxiety, agitation

Contraindications: hypotension, head injury/Altered mentation (unless for RSI),

Side Effects: Respiratory depression, hypotension

Dosage: 0.05mg/kg IV (max 4mg)

21
Q

Ipratropium Bromide

Class:

Mechanism:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Dosage:

A

Ipratropium Bromide

Class: parasypatholytic, anticholinergic bronchodilator

Mechanism: Ipratropium is a form of atropine via inhalation. It antagonizes cholinergic muscarinic receptors causing bronchodilation.

Indications: asthma, COPD, anaphylaxis

Contraindications: none

Dosage: 0.5mg nebulized (not given alone - given with albuterol)

22
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol)

Class:

Mechanism:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Dose:

A

Ketorolac (Toradol)

Class: NSAID

Mechanism: cox inhibitor prevents the synthesis of prostaglandins

Indications: mild to moderate pain

Contraindications: allergy to NSAIDS

Dose: 30mg IV, 60mg IM (1/2 dose if >65)

23
Q

Ketamine

Class:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Dosage:

A

Ketamine

Class: Sedative, analgesic

Indications: RSI, painful procedures

Contraindications: Coronary artery disease, pregnancy, infants <3months, globe injury, schizophrenia

Side Effects: Emergence reaction - consider concurrent administration of 2.5mg versed

Dosage: Induction: 2mg/kg
Painful procedures: 1mg/kg (may repeat q3-5 as needed.

24
Q

Lidocaine

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:
Duration:

Indications:

Contraindictions:

Dosage:

Dosing Precaution:

A

Lidocaine

Class: antidysrhythmic, anesthetic

Mechanism: suppresses ventricles. as an anesthetic, it inhibits initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.

Onset: <3min
Duration: 10-20min

Indications: Vfib, pulseless vtach, Wide Complex tachycardia, premed in RSI, local anesthetic

Contraindictions: high degree heart block

Dosage: Cardiac Arrest: 1.5mg/kg q.3-5min max 3mg/kg
WCT: 1.5mg/kg slow bolus may repeat at 1/2 dose in 5-10 min.
Post conversion: 1-4mg/min
Intubation: 1mg/kg

Dosing Precaution: 2nd dose should be 1/4 of 1st dose if:

         * CHF
         * Hepatic Failure
         * Over 70
25
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

Class:

Mechanism:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Precautions:

Dosage:

A

Magnesium Sulfate

Class: Antidysrhythmic, Electrolyte

Mechanism: Increases magnesium levels (hypo magnesia is associated with cardiac dysrhythmias). Magnesium reduces muscle contraction in seizures and bronchoconstriction.

Indications:Torsades or cardiac arrest preceded by torsades
Eclampsia, pre-eclampsia
refractory bronchoconstriction

Contraindications: hypotension, heartblock

Precautions: can cause respiratory depression - calcium is the antidote.

Dosage: Cardiac Arrest preceded by Torsades: 1-2 g. IV push
Torsades: 1-2 g. over 5-60 min
Eclampsia/Preeclampsia: 2-4g over 5-60 min
Refractory Bronchoconstriction: 2g. over 5-60 min

26
Q

Midazolam (what is the trade name)

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:

Duration:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Dosage:

A

Lorazepam - Ativan

Class: Benzo, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic

Mechanism: Enhances activity of GABA, the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Onset: 1-2 min IV; 5-15 min. IM

Duration: 30-60 min.

Indications: Seizures, premed for cardioversion or TCP, intubation, muscle spasms, anxiety, agitation

Contraindications: hypotension, head injury/Altered mentation (unless for RSI),

Side Effects: Respiratory depression, hypotension

Dosage: 2.5-10mg IV or IM
RSI: 0.1mg/kg

28
Q

Methylprednisolone (solu-medrol)

Class:

Onset:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Dosage:

A

Methylprednisolone (solu-medrol)

Class: corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory

Onset: several hours

Indications: anaphylaxis, allergic reacation, asthma, COPD

Contraindications: none

Dosage: 60-125mg IV or IM

29
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:
Duration:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Dosage:

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

Class: Opiate antagonist

Mechanism: Competitively displaces opiods from their receptor sites, reversion their effects.

Onset: 1-2 min
Duration: shorter acting than most opioids

Indications: symptomatic opioid overdose, clonidine overdose

Contraindications: none

Side Effects: nausea, vomiting if administered rapidly. Also, narcotic withdrawal symptoms: dizziness, hypertension, tachycardia, sweating, abdominal cramps, headache, weakness, joint & muscle pain

Dosage: 0.1-2mg - max 8mg

30
Q

Morphine

Class:

Mechanisms:

Onset:
Duration:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Dosage:

A

Morphine

Class: Opioid Narcotic Analgesic

Mechanisms: Opioid agonist provides analgesia.

Onset: <5min
Duration: 4-6hrs

Indications: pain, cardiac pain refractory to nitro, burns, acute pulmonary edema

Contraindications: Head injury, AMS, hypotension, undiagnosed abdominal pain

Dosage: 2-5mg max 20mg

31
Q

Nitroglycerin

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Precautions:

Side Effects:

Dosage:

A

Nitroglycerin

Class: nitrate

Mechanism: causes vasodilation which reduces preload. Also dilates coronary arteries improving perfusion.

Onset: 1-2 min.

Indications: Cardiac chest pain, acute pulmonary edema, hypertensive crisis

Contraindications: hypotension >100, recent use of ED meds: Viagra (sildenafil) or Lavitra (vardenafil) <48hrs

Precautions: start IV prior to administration, monitor vitals, consider Right sided MI prior to administration

Side Effects: hypotension, headache, dizziness, dry mouth

Dosage: 0.4mg

32
Q

Ondansetron - Zofran

Class:

Mechanism:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Dosage:

A

Ondansetron - Zofran

Class: anti-emetic

Mechanism: serotonin inhibitor (5-HT3 receptors)

Indications: nausea/vomiting

Contraindications: none

Dosage: 4mg IV or IM

33
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

Class:

Mechanism:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Interaction:

Dosage:

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

Class: Alkalinizing agent

Mechanism: reduces hydrogen ion to combat acidosis. When administered for TCA O.D. it acts as an antidysrhythmic.

Indications: TCA O.D.

Contraindications: none

Interaction: will precipitate if mixed calcium
will deactivate catecholemines

Dosage: 1 mEq/kg IV pushf

34
Q

Promethazine

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Precautions:

Dosage:

A

Promethazine

Class: antiemetic, antihistamine

Mechanism: H1 antagonist, antihistamine and anticholinergic properties.

Onset: 3-5 minutes

Indications: nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, sedation

Contraindications: nursing mothers, neonates

Precautions: have diphenhydramine available for potential EPS.

Dosage: nausea/vomiting: 12.5-25mg IV or IM

35
Q

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

Class

Mechanism

Indications

Contraindications

Dose

A

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

Class: Vitamin

Mechanism: Raises vitamin B1 levels in malnourished patients

Indications: Delerium tremens; coma of unknown origin, especially if alcohol is involved.

Contraindications: none

Dose: 100mg IV

35
Q

Succinylcholine

Class:

Onset/duration:

Mechanism:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side effects:

Dosage:

A

Succinylcholine

Class: depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Onset/duration: 1-2 min., 6-10 min.

Mechanism: acetylcholine agonist binds and depolarizes the nicotinic M receptors causing temporary muscular paralysis.

Indications: RSI

Contraindications: Hyperkalemia, penetrating eye injury, multiple sclerosis, paralysis >1day, crush injury >3 days, severe burns >3 days.

Side effects: increased ICP, hyperkalemia

Dosage: 1.5mg/kg
Pediatric dose: 2mg/kg

36
Q

Vasopressin

Class:

Mechanism:

Onset:
Duration:

Indications:

Dosage:

A

Vasopressin

Class: ADH (hormone, vasopressor)

Mechanism: ADH in large doses acts as a non-adrenergic peripheral vasoconstrictor. During CPR it increases coronary perfusion pressure.

Onset: <2min
Duration: 10-20min.

Indications: Cardiac Arrest

Dosage: 40units IV in accordance with ACLS guidelines

37
Q

Vecuronium & Rocuronium

Class:

Onset:
Duration:

Mechanism:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Rocuronium Dosage:

Vecuronium Dosage:

A

Vecuronium & Rocuronium

Class: non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Onset: 1 min
Duration: 30 min

Mechanism: acetylcholine antagonist blocks the nicotinic M receptors causing temporary muscular paralysis.

Indications: RSI, paralysis maintenance

Contraindications: none

Rocuronium Dosage: 0.6mg/kg

Vecuronium Dosage: 0.1mg/kg

Pharmacology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions