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Facultative Therapy Flashcards

1
Q
  1. the most reliable proof of rheumatism is:
    1. Frequent quincy
    2. Polyarthritis in anamnesis
    3. Presence of mitral stenosis
    4. Elevated ESR
    5. Sydenham’s chorea
A

*3.Presence of mitral stenosis

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2
Q
  1. Mitral stenosis is characterized by:
    1. Loud S1
    2. Opening snap after S2
    3. Diastolic murmur on the apex
    4. M-mode Echocardiogram: absence of antiphase in the motion of ANT and POST MV cusps, LA enlargement
    5. LVH on ECG
A
  • 1.Loud S1
    * 2.Opening snap after S2
    * 3.Diastolic murmur on the apex
    * 4.M-mode Echocardiogram: absence of antiphase in the motion of ANT and POST MV cusps, LA enlargement
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3
Q
  1. The diagnosis of pneumonia is confirmed by the presence of:
    1. Acute onset of the disease
    2. Cough, purulent sputum
    3. Sonorous moist rales
    4. Leukocytosis or leucopenia with neutrphilic shift
    5. Infiltration in the lungs during a year
A
  • 1.acute onset of the disease
    * 2.cough, purulent sputum
    * 3.sonorous moist rales
    * 4.leukocytosis or leucopenia with neutrphilic shift
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4
Q
  1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by:
    1. Enlargement of the heart chambers
    2. Harsh systolic murmur along sternal border with preserved S2 on the aorta
    3. Hypertrophy of the myocardium prevailing over the enlargement of the chambers
    4. Verification with echocardiography
    5. Earlier myocarditis
A
  • 2.harsh systolic murmur along sternal border with preserved S2 on the aorta
    * 3.hypertrophy of the myocardium prevailing over the enlargement of the chambers
    * 4.verification with echocardiography
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5
Q
  1. the most frequent cause of death in case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is:
    1. Congestive heart failure
    2. MI with cardiac rupture and subsequent tamponade
    3. Sudden death due to arrhythmia
    4. Cardiogenic shock
    5. Stroke
A

*3.sudden death due to arrhythmia

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6
Q
  1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is treated with:
    1. Verapamil
    2. Beta-blockers
    3. Nitrosorbid
    4. Implantable automatic defibrillator
    5. Myotomy of the septum
A
  • 1.Verapamil
    * 2. Beta-blockers
    * 5.myotomy of the septum
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7
Q
  1. Basic diagnostic criteria for myocardial infarction include:
    1. Chest pain lasting over 20 minutes, not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
    2. Pathogenic Q-wave
    3. Decrease EF
    4. Systolic murmur on the apex
    5. Increase in cardiac biomarkers
A
  • 1.chest pain lasting over 20 minutes, not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
    * 2.pathogenic Q-wave
    * 5.increase in cardiac biomarkers
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8
Q
  1. Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by:
    1. Cardiomegaly due to LV and RV dilation
    2. Heart failure
    3. LV outflow obstruction
    4. Thromboembolism
    5. Arrhythmia
A
  • 1.cardiomegaly due to LV and RV dilation
    * 2.heart failure
  • 4.thromboembolism
    * 5.arrhythmia
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9
Q
  1. Basic method of diagnostics of the muscular sub-aortal stenosis is:
    1. Heart auscultation
    2. CXR
    3. Echocardiography
    4. ECG
    5. coronarography
A

*3.Echocardiography

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10
Q
  1. Basic manifestation of restrictive cardiomyopathy includes:
    1. Heart failure with small dimensions of Lv\V
    2. The disturbance of the diastolic function of the myocardium
    3. Increasing EF
    4. (One of the frequent manifestations) - development of aortal defects
    5. Infiltrative diseases (amyloid, sarcoid, hemochromatosis, eosinophilic disorders, myocardial fibrosis,Fabry’s disease, fibroelastosis) in the etiology
A
  • 1.heart failure with small dimensions of Lv\V
    * 2.the disturbance of the diastolic function of the myocardium
    * 5.infiltrative diseases (amyloid, sarcoid, hemochromatosis, eosinophilic disorders, myocardial fibrosis,Fabry’s disease, fibroelastosis) in the etiology
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11
Q
  1. Aortal stenosis is characterized by:
    1. Angina pectoris
    2. Syncope
    3. Excessive left ventrical hypertrophy
    4. Decrease in diastolic pressure
    5. Rheumatism and/or atherosclerosis in anamnesis
A
  • 1.angina pectoris
    * 2.syncope
    * 3.excessive left ventrical hypertrophy
    * 5.rheumatism and/or atherosclerosis in anamnesis
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12
Q
  1. Insufficiency of aortic valve is characterized by:
    1. Frequent association with infectious endocarditis
    2. Diastolic murmur on the aorta
    3. The extension of the heart borders upward and to the right
    4. BP 180/50 Hg
    5. filiform pulse
A
  • 1.frequent association with infectious endocarditis
    * 2.diastolic murmur on the aorta
    * 4.BP 180/50 Hg
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13
Q
  1. Signs of the insufficiency of pulmonary circulation are:
    1. Edema
    2. Dyspnea, orthopnea
    3. Tachycardia
    4. Hepatomegaly
    5. Moist rales in the lungs
A
  • 2.dyspnea, orthopnea
    * 3.tachycardia
    * 5.moist rales in the lungs
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14
Q
  1. Signs of the right-ventricular insufficiency include:
    1. Tachycardia
    2. Hepatomegaly
    3. Edema
    4. Ascites
    5. Swollen neck veins
A
  • 2.hepatomegaly
    * 3.edema
    * 4.ascites
    * 5.swollen neck veins
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15
Q
  1. Body mass index which indicates obesity is:
    1. 18-25
    2. <18
    3. > 25
    4. > 30
    5. > 40
A

*4.>30

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16
Q
  1. ECG sign of arterial hypertension is:
    1. Sharp-pointed P II, III
    2. RBBB
    3. Widened, two-humped P-wave in II, V2
    4. Sokolov’s index over 38mm
    5. Right ventricular hypertrophy
A

*4.sokolov’s index over 38mm

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17
Q
  1. Signs of Cushing’s syndrome include:
    1. Arterial hypertension
    2. Diabetes mellitus
    3. High resistance to the infectios diseases
    4. Ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract
    5. Osteoporosis
A
  • 1.arterial hypertension
    * 2.diabetes mellitus
    * 4.ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract
    * 5.osteoporosis
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18
Q
  1. Nonmedicamental treatment of arterial hypertension includes:
    1. Giving up smoking, reducing alcohol intake
    2. Reducing weight
    3. Increasing salt intake
    4. Increasing physical activity
    5. Decreasing consumption of food rich in potassium, magnesium, calcium
A
  • 1.giving up smoking, reducing alcohol intake

* 2.reducing weight

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19
Q
  1. Symptomatic hypertension may be caused by:
    1. Coarctation of aorta
    2. Chronic glomerulonephritis
    3. Atherosclerosis of renal artery
    4. Mitral stenosis
    5. Primary hyperaldostenism
A
  • 1.coarctation of aorta
    * 2.chronic glomerulonephritis
    * 3.atherosclerosis of renal artery
    * 5.primary hyperaldostenism
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20
Q
  1. Acute coronary syndrome is related to:
    1. Unstable angina
    2. Stable angina
    3. Myocardial infarction with ST-elevation
    4. Myocardial infarction with Q-wave
    5. Myocardial infarction without Q-wave
A
  • 1.unstable angina
    * 3.myocardial infarction with ST-elevation
    * 4.myocardial infarction with Q-wave
    * 5.myocardial infarction without Q-wave
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21
Q
  1. Which of the following indicates the need for H20 surgical treatment?
    1. scintigraphy of the myocardium
    2. Coronarography
    3. Exercise test
    4. Daily monitoring ECG
    5. Echocardiogram
A

*2.coronarography

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22
Q
  1. Late complication of myocardial infarction is:
    1. Cardiogenic shock
    2. Dresslers syndrome
    3. Cardiac rupture
    4. Pulmonary edema
A

*2.dresslers syndrome

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23
Q
  1. Progressive sternocardia is characterized by:
    1. Frequent attacks of angina
    2. Increasing in the number of nitroglycerine tablets
    3. Good tolerance of the physical exertion
    4. Low class of angina
    5. Depression of ST segment and negative T-waves
A
  • 1.frequent attacks of angina
    * 2.increasing in the number of nitroglycerine tablets
    * 5.depression of ST segment and negative T-waves
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24
Q
  1. Malignant hypertension is characterized by:
    1. Papilla nervi optici edema
    2. Resistance to the treatment (resistant hypertension)
    3. Progressive kidney damage
    4. Frequent stenosis of the renal artery
    5. LVH absence
A
  • 1.papilla nervi optici edema
    * 2.resistance to the treatment (resistant hypertension)
    * 3.progressive kidney damage
    * 4.frequent stenosis of the renal artery
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25
Q
  1. Clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis may include:
    1. Angina pectoris
    2. Myocardial infarction
    3. Intermittent claudication
    4. Vaso-renal hypertension
    5. Rheumacarditis
A
  • 1.angina pectoris
    * 2.myocardial infarction
    * 3.intermittent claudication
    * 4.vaso-renal hypertension
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26
Q
  1. Angina of effort is characterized by:
    1. Retrosternal localization of chest pain
    2. Association with physical activity
    3. Positive effect from the intake of nitroglycerine in 1-2 minutes
    4. Transient ischemia of the myocardium on ECG
    5. The duration of pain over 20 minutes
A
  • 1.retrosternal localization of chest pain
    * 2.association with physical activity
    * 3.positive effect from the intake of nitroglycerine in 1-2 minutes
    * 4.transient ischemia of the myocardium on ECG
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27
Q
  1. IHD risk factors include:
    1. Arterial hypertension
    2. Obesity
    3. Diabetes mellitus
    4. Smoking
    5. Hyperthyrosis
A
  • 1.arterial hypertension
    * 2.obesity
    * 3.diabetes mellitus
    * 4.smoking
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28
Q
  1. Chronic heart insufficiency is treated with:
    1. Diuretics
    2. ACE inhibitor
    3. Digoxin
    4. Beta-blockers
    5. Blocker H2 receptor histamine
A
  • 1.diuretics
    * 2.ACE inhibitor
    * 3.digoxin
    * 4.beta-blockers
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29
Q
  1. Community-acquired pneumonia is characterized by:
    1. Spontenious onset
    2. Mycoplasma (most frequent cause)
    3. Administration of gentamicin for empirical therapy
    4. Initial treatment with penicillin and macrolides
    5. Distress syndrome is frequent complication
A
  • 1.spontenious onset
    * 4.initial treatment with penicillin and macrolides
    * 5.distress syndrome is frequent complication
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30
Q
  1. Syndrome of sleep apnea is characterized by:
    1. Over 10 episodes of cessation of respiration
    2. Snoring
    3. (Development during) retraction of the root of the tongue, the soft palate
    4. (Development during) disturbance of the central regulation of respiration
    5. Absence of hypoxemia
A
  • 1.over 10 episodes of cessation of respiration
    * 2.snoring
    * 3. (Development during) retraction of the root of the tongue, the soft palate
    * 4. (Development during) disturbance of the central regulation of respiration
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31
Q
  1. Laboratory criteria which confirm the diagnosis of myocardial infarction include:
    1. Increase in T troponin
    2. Increase in direct bilirubin
    3. Increase in cholesterol
    4. Decrease in myoglobin
    5. Two folds increase in the MB CK
A
  • 1.increase in T troponin

* 5.two folds increase in the MB CK

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32
Q
  1. Dressler’s syndrome is characterized by:
    1. Relapse of fever
    2. Pericarditis
    3. Stomach ulcer
    4. Pleurisy, pneumonit, arthritis
    5. Absence of effect from the nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs
A
  • 1.relapse of fever
    * 2.pericarditis
    * 4.pleurisy,
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33
Q
  1. Which of the following is true for cardiogenic shock?
    1. It is caused by decreasing EF
    2. Cold, moist, pale, grey skin
    3. Oligoanuria
    4. Pulse pressure over 30.0 mm Hg
    5. Contraindication of vasodilators
A
  • 1.it is caused by decreasing EF
    * 2.cold, moist, pale, grey skin
    * 3.oligoanuria
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34
Q
  1. Acute left ventricular insufficiency is characterized by:
    1. Dispnea, orthopnea
    2. Gallop rhythm (SIII)
    3. Moist rales in the lungs
    4. Hepatomegaly, edemas of the lower extremities
    5. Effect from diuretics, narcotic analgesics
A
  • 1.dispnea, orthopnea
    * 2.gallop rhythm (SIII)
    * 3.moist rales in the lungs
    * 5.effect from diuretics, narcotic analgesics
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35
Q
  1. Indications for the treatment of ventricular extrasystole in patients with myocardial infarction include:
    1. Isolated extrasystole
    2. Frequent extrasystole
    3. Group, polytopic extrasystoles
    4. Early (R on T) extrasystole
    5. Allorhythmia
A
  • 2.frequent extrasystole
    * 3.group, polytopic extrasystoles
    * 4.early (R on T) extrasystole
    * 5.allorhythmia
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36
Q
  1. Posterior myocardial infarction is characterized by:
    1. Frequent localization of pain in the epigastral region
    2. Dyspepsia
    3. Disturbance of AV conductivity
    4. Pathologic Q waves II, III, and AVF
    5. ^ I, II, AVL
A
  • 1.frequent localization of pain in the epigastral region
    * 2.dyspepsia
    * 3.disturbance of AV conductivity
    * 4.pathologic Q waves II, III, and AVF
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37
Q
  1. Acute left ventricular insufficiency is characterized by:
    1. Dispnea, orthopnea
    2. Gallop rhythm (SIII)
    3. Moist rales in the lungs
    4. Hepatomegaly, edemas of the lower extremities
    5. Effect from diuretics, narcotic analgesics
A
  • 1.dispnea, orthopnea
    * 2.gallop rhythm (SIII)
    * 3.moist rales in the lungs
    * 5.effect from diuretics, narcotic analgesics
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38
Q
  1. Heart failure with increasing EF is:
    1. Thyrotoxicosis
    2. Anemia
    3. Constrictive pericarditis
    4. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
    5. Dilated cardiomyopathy
A
  • 1.thyrotoxicosis

* 2.anemia

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39
Q
  1. Diastolic function of myocardium is characterized by:
    1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    2. Endomyocardial fibrosis
    3. Cardiac amyloidosis
    4. Fibroplastic endocarditis
    5. Dilated cardiomyopathy
A
  • 1.hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    * 2.endomyocardial fibrosis
    * 3.cardiac amyloidosis
    * 4.fibroplastic endocarditis
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40
Q
  1. Clinical picture of infectious endocarditis includes:
    1. Formation of mitral or aortal insufficiency
    2. Vasculitis
    3. Fever
    4. Arthritis with deformation of joints
    5. Thromboembolic syndrome
A
    1. Formation of mitral or aortal insufficiency
        1. Vasculitis
        1. Fever
        1. Thromboembolic syndrome
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41
Q
  1. Heart damage in patients with infectious endocarditis results from:
    1. Myocardial infarction
    2. Left AV valve stenosis
    3. Mitral valve insufficiency
    4. Myocarditis
    5. Myocardium abscess
A
  • 1.myocardial infarction
    * 3.mitral valve insufficiency
    * 4.myocarditis
    * 5.myocardium abscess
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42
Q
  1. Prinzmetal sternocardia is characterized :
    1. High tolerance to physical activity
    2. ^ ST during chest pain
    3. Effective calcium channel-blocking agent
    4. Main mechanism of angioplasm
    5. Onset during physical activity
A
  • 1.high tolerance to physical activity
    * 2. ^ ST during chest pain
    * 3.effective calcium channel-blocking agent
    * 4.main mechanism of angioplasm
43
Q
  1. Obstructive emphysema of the lungs develops due to:
    1. Decrease in the elastic properties of the alveoli
    2. Decrease in the mechanics of respiration
    3. Obstruction of the small bronchi
    4. Drop of the alveoli
    5. Accumulation of exudation in the pleural cavity
A
  • 1.decrease in the elastic properties of the alveoli
    * 2.decrease in the mechanics of respiration
    * 3.obstruction of the small bronchi
    * 4.drop of the alveoli
44
Q
  1. ‘Aspirin’ bronchial asthma can be:
    1. Combined with nasal polyposis
    2. Combined with sinusitis
    3. Caused by aspirin
    4. It’s pathogenesis reveals disbalance of prostaglandins
    5. Treated with voltaren, brufen
A
  • 1.combined with nasal polyposis
    * 2.combined with sinusitis
    * 3.caused by aspirin
    * 4.it’s pathogenesis reveals disbalance of prostaglandins
45
Q
  1. Indications for hemodialysis
    1. GFR reduction below 5ml/min
    2. creatinine increase to 1100-1300 mmole/l
    3. sympotoms of pericarditis
    4. oligo-anuria
    5. concrements in the urinary tract
A
  • 1.GFR reduction below 5ml/min
    * 2.creatinine increase to 1100-1300 mmole/l
    * 3.sympotoms of pericarditis
    * 4.oligo-anuria
46
Q
  1. Atypical pneumonia can be caused by:
    1. Clamydia
    2. Klebsiella
    3. Mycoplasma
    4. Streptococcus
    5. Legionella
A
  • 1.clamydia
    * 2.klebsiella
    * 3.mycoplasma
    * 5.legionella
47
Q
  1. Bronchopulmonary infection is characterized by:
    1. Increase in temperature, chill, sweating
    2. Cough with purulent sputum
    3. Leukocytosis, ESR acceleration
    4. Moist sonorous rales
    5. Increase in the clear lung field in the X-ray
A
  • 1.increase in temperature, chill, sweating
    * 2.cough with purulent sputum
    * 3.leukocytosis, ESR acceleration
    * 4.moist sonorous rales
48
Q
  1. Atypical pneumonia is characterized by:
    1. Intracellular arrangement of the agaent
    2. Subacute onset with systemic manifestations
    3. Infiltration of pulmonary tissue revealed roentgenologically
    4. Serological reaction diagnostics
    5. Effective treatment by macrolides
A
  • 1.intracellular arrangement of the agaent
    * 2.subacute onset with systemic manifestations
    * 4.serological reaction diagnostics
    * 5.effective treatment by macrolides
49
Q
  1. Pulmonary protective mechanisms include:
    1. Cough reflex
    2. Bronchopulmonary lavage
    3. Alfa 1- antitrypsin deficiency
    4. Immunoglobulins A, G
    5. Humoral and cellular immunity
A
  • 1.cough reflex
    * 4.immunoglobulins A, G
    * 5.humoral and cellular immunity
50
Q
  1. Complications of pneumonia include:
    1. Pleuritis
    2. Infectious-toxic shock
    3. Lung abscess
    4. Pulmonary infarction
    5. Respiratory failure
A
  • 1.pleuritis
    * 2.infectious-toxic shock
    * 5.respiratory failure
51
Q
  1. Which of the following is correct for respiratory syndrome in adults?
    1. Interstitial pulmonary edema
    2. Hypoxemia
    3. It develops after drowning
    4. Dyspnae
    5. Results from acute left–ventricular insufficiency
A
  • 1.interstitial pulmonary edema
    * 2.hypoxemia
    * 3.it develops after drowning
    * 4.dyspnae
52
Q
  1. Obstructive syndrome is characterized by:
    1. Bronchospasm, edema of mucosa, hypersecretion
    2. Asthma attack
    3. Long expiration, dry wheezes
    4. Dull percussion sound
    5. Low indices of peakflowmetry
A
  • 3.long expiration, dry wheezes

* 5.low indices of peakflowmetry

53
Q
  1. Complications of bronchial asthma include:
    1. Status asthmaticus
    2. Hypoxemix coma
    3. Aortic insufficiency
    4. Pulmonary embolism
    5. Pulmonary emphysema
A
  • 1.status asthmaticus
    * 2.hypoxemix coma
    * 3.aortic insufficiency
    * 5.pulmonary emphysema
54
Q
  1. Asthmatic status is characterized by:
    1. Unproductive cough
    2. “Silent” lung
    3. Prolonged suffocation
    4. Tachypnea
    5. Sonorous rales (in the lungs)
A
  • 1.unproductive cough
    * 2. “Silent” lung
    * 3.prolonged suffocation
    * 4.tachypnea
55
Q
  1. Infective endocarditis can result in :
    1. Aortic insufficiency
    2. Mitral insufficiency
    3. Heart failure
    4. Abruption of the chords of the valves
    5. Dissecting aneurysm of aorta
A
  • 1.aortic insufficiency
    * 2.mitral insufficiency
    * 3.heart failure
    * 4.abruption of the chords of the valves
56
Q
  1. Pulmonary hypertension can result from:
    1. COPD
    2. Mitral stenosis
    3. Living in the mountain region
    4. Obesity hypoventilation (pickwickian syndrome)
    5. Arterial hypertension
A
  • 1.COPD
    * 2.mitral stenosis
    * 3.living in the mountain region
    * 4.obesity hypoventilation (pickwickian syndrome)
57
Q
  1. Pulmonary hypetension is characterized by:
    1. Shortness of breath, cyanosis
    2. Pressure in the pulmonary artery > 30/15 mm RT
    3. Sokolov’s index >38 mm
    4. Accent S II on the pulmonary artery
    5. High amplitude wave R V1-V2
A
  • 1.shortness of breath, cyanosis
    * 2.pressure in the pulmonary artery > 30/15 mm RT
    * 3.sokolov’s index >38 mm
    * 4.accent S II on the pulmonary artery
58
Q
  1. Cor pulmonale is characterized by:
    1. CODP in history
    2. Pulmonary hypertension
    3. Hypertrophy and dilation of the left ventrical
    4. Enlargement of the right ventricle
    5. High amplitude wave R V1-V2
A
  • 2.pulmonary hypertension
    * 4.enlargement of the right ventricle
    * 5.high amplitude wave R V1-V2
59
Q
  1. Staphylococcal pneumonia is characterized by:
    1. Severe course, intoxication
    2. Leukocytosis
    3. Purulent-blood sputum
    4. Tendency to abscess formation
    5. Effective treatment with penicillin
A
  • 1.severe course, intoxication
    * 2.leukocytosis
    * 3.purulent-blood sputum
    * 4.tendency to abscess formation
60
Q
  1. Dry rales are:
    1. Formed with the spasm of the small bronchi
    2. Heard in the zone of pleural exudation
    3. Accompanied by strengthening, lengthening the expiration
    4. Associated with the reduction in Tiffno index
    5. Characteristic bronchoobstructive syndrome
A
  • 1.formed with the spasm of the small bronchi
    * 3.accompanied by strengthening, lengthening the expiration
    * 4.associated with the reduction in Tiffno index
    * 5.characteristic bronchoobstructive syndrome
61
Q
  1. Moist rales are:
    1. Formed in the bronchi with the presence of liquid exudate and consolidation of peribronchial tissue
    2. Heard during inhalation and expiration
    3. Heard in patients with heart failure
    4. Symptoms of bronchopulmonary infection
    5. Associated with inflammatory changes in the lungs,the cavities
A
  • 1.formed in the bronchi with the presence of liquid exudate and consolidation of peribronchial tissue
    * 4.symptoms of bronchopulmonary infection
    * 5.associated with inflammatory changes in the lungs,the cavities
62
Q
  1. Pickwickian syndrome (obesity hyperventilation) is characterized by:
    1. Obesity
    2. Drowse
    3. Polycythemia
    4. Left ventricular heart failure
    5. Pulmonary hypertension which leads to cor pulmonale
A
  • 1.Obesity
    * 2.drowse
    * 3.polycythemia
    * 5.pulmonary hypertension which leads to cor pulmonale
63
Q
  1. Chronic renal failure is characterized by:
    1. Increase in creatinin
    2. Increase in relative density of urine
    3. GFR decrease
    4. Anemia
    5. Increase in bilirubin
A
  • 1.increase in creatinin
    * 3.GFR decrease
    * 4.anemia
64
Q
  1. Signs of active nephritic process in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis include:
    1. Increase in creatinin with standard size of the kidneys
    2. Increase in uric syndrome
    3. Development of nephritic syndrome
    4. Decrease in complement, increase in circulating immune complexes
    5. Increase in haemoglobin
A
  • 1.increase in creatinin with standard size of the kidneys
    * 2.increase in uric syndrome
    * 3.development of nephritic syndrome
    * 4.decrease in complement, increase in circulating immune complexes
65
Q
  1. Causes of nephritic syndrome include:
    1. Glomerulonephritis
    2. Amyloidosis
    3. Diabetes mellitus
    4. Multiple myeloma
    5. Pyelonephritis
A
  • 1.glomerulonephritis
    * 2.amyloidosis
    * 3.diabetes mellitus
    * 4.multiple myeloma
66
Q
  1. Etiological factors of chronic glomerulonephritis are characterized by:
    1. Streptococcus
    2. Alcohol
    3. Arterial hypertension
    4. Medicines
    5. Viruses
A
  • 1.streptococcus
    * 2.alcohol
    * 3.arterial hypertension
    * 4.medicines
67
Q
  1. Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis is characterized by:
    1. Rapid increasing uremia
    2. Malignant arterial hypertension
    3. Favourable prognosis for the disease
    4. Morphological- extracapillary proliferation with formation of demilune
    5. Absence of proteinuria
A
    1. Rapid increasing uremia
        1. Malignant arterial hypertension
        1. Morphological- extracapillary proliferation with formation of demilune
68
Q
  1. Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by:
    1. frequent connection with streptococcal infection
    2. edema
    3. hematuria
    4. arterial hypertension
    5. Massive leukocyturia and bakteriuriya
A
  • 1.frequent connection with streptococcal infection
    * 2.edema
    * 3.hematuria
    * 4.arterial hypertension
69
Q
  1. Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by:
    1. Frequent connection with streptococcal infection
    2. Edema
    3. Hematuria
    4. Arterial hypertension
    5. Massive leukocyturia and bakteriuriya
A
  • 1.frequent connection with streptococcal infection
    * 2.edema
    * 3.hematuria
    * 4.arterial hypertension
70
Q
  1. Clinical variation of chronic glomerulonephritis includes:
    1. Latent
    2. Nephritic
    3. Hypertensive
    4. Hematuric
    5. Anaemic
A
  • 1.latent
    * 2.nephritic
    * 3.hypertensive
    * 4.hematuric
71
Q
  1. Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis is treated by:
    1. Pulse-therapy, prednisolone
    2. Cytostatics
    3. Heparin
    4. Antiaggregants
    5. Ascorbic acid
A
  • 1.pulse-therapy, prednisolone
    * 2.cytostatics
    * 3.Heparin
    * 4.antiaggregants
72
Q
  1. Filtration ability of the kidneys can be checked by:
    1. Zimnic test (urine density in 8 urine samples every 3 hours)
    2. (Clearance of creatinine according to its level in the blood and urine) Reberg test
    3. Nechiporenko test (microscopy of urine slide)
    4. Creatinine clearance using Cockroft-Gault formular
    5. Kidney sonography
A
  • 1.Zimnic test (urine density in 8 urine samples every 3 hours)
    * 4.creatinine clearance using Cockroft-Gault formular
73
Q
  1. Amyloidosis of the kidneys can develop in:
    1. Chronic supparative diseases
    2. Rheumatid arthritis
    3. Multiple myeloma
    4. Acute bronchitis
    5. Periodic peritonitis
A
  • 1.chronic supparative diseases
    * 2.rheumatid arthritis
    * 3.multiple myeloma
    * 5.periodic peritonitis
74
Q
  1. Which of the following is most informative for the diagnosis of amyloidosis?
    1. GFR
    2. Biopsy of rectal mucosa
    3. Determination of daily proteinuria
    4. creatinin in the blood
    5. Determination of relative density of the urine
A

*2.biopsy of rectal mucosa

75
Q
  1. Heart failure is treated with:
    1. Blocker H2 receptor of Histamine
    2. Diuretics
    3. ACE inhibitory
    4. Digoxin
    5. Beta-blockers
A
  • 2.diuretics
    * 3.ACE inhibitory
    * 4.digoxin
    * 5.beta-blockers
76
Q
  1. Urinary infection is characterized by:
    1. Leukocytouria
    2. Bacteriuria
    3. Daily proteinuria >3.5
    4. Fever, ESR acceleration, leukocytosos
    5. Dysuria
A
  • 1.leukocytouria
    * 2.bacteriuria
    * 4.fever, ESR acceleration, leukocytosos
    * 5.dysuria
77
Q
  1. Etiology of liver cirrhosis includes:
    1. Wilson disease Hemosiderosis
    2. Alfa 1- antitrypsin deficiency
    3. Alcohol abuse
    4. Left ventricular failure
    5. viruses of Hepatitis B, C
A
  • 1.Wilson disease Hemosiderosis
    * 2.Alfa 1- antitrypsin deficiency
    * 3.alcohol abuse
    * 5.viruses of Hepatitis B, C
78
Q
  1. The degree and stage of liver disease is reliably established with:
    1. Investigation of antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), antinuclear antibody (ANA)
    2. Sonography of the liver
    3. Scintigraphy of the liver
    4. Morphological study of the liver tissue
    5. Investigation of the bone marrow punctuate
A

*4.morphological study of the liver tissue

79
Q
  1. Most effective in treatment of autoimmune hepatitis are:
    1. Anabolic steroids
    2. Corticosteroids, cytostatic agent
    3. Interferon, cyclic, nucleosides
    4. Inhibitor proteolysis, fibrate
    5. Antibiotics
A

*2.corticosteroids, cytostatic agent

80
Q
  1. Laboratory criterion for cholestasis is:
    1. Increase in creatinin, cholesterol
    2. Increase in indirect bilirubin, anemia, reticulocytosis
    3. Increase in alkaline phosphate, gamma GT, direct bilirubin
    4. Decrease in prothrombin,albumin
    5. Increase in troponin, MB CK
A

*3.increase in alkaline phosphate, gamma GT, direct bilirubin

81
Q
  1. To verify the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B it is necessary to study:
    1. Markers of the infection, caused by Hepatitis B virus
    2. Alkaline phosphatase
    3. AST, ALT
    4. CRP
    5. antithrombin
A

*1.markers of the infection, caused by Hepatitis B virus

82
Q
  1. COPD with predominance of bronchitis is characterized by:
    1. Frequent exacerbation of bronchopulmonary infection
    2. Early development of pulmonary hypertension
    3. Cyanosis, edema
    4. Smoking as the basic etiological factor
    5. RV5>RV4 ECG – (the frequent symptom)
A
  • 1.frequent exacerbation of bronchopulmonary infection
    * 2.early development of pulmonary hypertension
    * 3.cyanosis, edema
    * 4.smoking as the basic etiological factor
83
Q
  1. Which of the following viruses can cause chronic disease of the liver?
    1. Virus of hepatitis A
    2. Virus of hepatitis B
    3. Virus of hepatitis C
    4. Virus of hepatitis D
    5. Virus of hepatitis E
A
  • 2.virus of hepatitis B
    * 3.virus of hepatitis C
    * 4.virus of hepatitis D
84
Q
  1. Aggressive factors of ulcer development include :
    1. Hydrochloric acid
    2. Biliary acid
    3. Helicobacter pylori
    4. Regeneration of the mucous membrane
    5. Branchy microvascular network
A
  • 1.hydrochloric acid
    * 2.biliary acid
    * 3.helicobacter pylori
85
Q
  1. Ulcer is treated with:
    1. Protonic pump inhibitor
    2. H2- histamine receptor blocker
    3. ACE inhibitor
    4. Antibiotics
    5. Antacids
A
  • 1.protonic pump inhibitor
    * 2.H2- histamine receptor blocker
    * 4.antibiotics
    * 5.antacids
86
Q
  1. Malabsorption syndrome can be caused by:
    1. Gluten enteropathy
    2. Crohn’s disease
    3. Chronic pancreatitis
    4. Disaccharidase deficiency
    5. All of the above
A

*5.all of the above

87
Q
  1. Clinical manifestations of malabsorbtion syndrome include:
    1. Chronic diarrhea
    2. Increasing in weight
    3. Anemia
    4. Edematic syndrome
    5. Hemorrhagic diathesis
A
  • 1.chronic diarrhea
    * 3.anemia
    * 4.edematic syndrome
    * 5.hemorrhagic diathesis
88
Q
  1. Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is characterized by:
    1. Systemic manifestations
    2. The ulcerous defect of the large intestine, mucosa
    3. Diarrhea with blood
    4. Effective treatment with sulfasalazone
    5. All of the above
A

*5.all of the above

89
Q
  1. Gluten enteropathy is characterized by:
    1. Congenital intolerance of gluten
    2. Malabsorption syndrome
    3. The diagnostic value of the biopsy of the small intestine
    4. Effectiveness of the agluten diet
    5. Complications in the form of aortal defects of the heart valvular disease
A
  • 1.congenital intolerance of gluten
    * 2.malabsorption syndrome
    * 3.the diagnostic value of the biopsy of the small intestine
    * 4.effectiveness of the agluten diet
90
Q
  1. Irritable bowel syndrome may be seen in case of:
    1. Infectious agent
    2. Intensification of the secretion of the liquid in the small intestine
    3. Inflammation in the small intestine
    4. Functional disturbance of the motor activity
    5. Reduction in the absorption in the small intestine
A

*4.functional disturbance of the motor activity

91
Q
  1. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by:
    1. Development in advanced and early age
    2. Development in persons with normal body mass
    3. Insulin level in the blood
    4. Insulin level in the blood
    5. Ketoacidic coma as frequent complication
A
  • 1.development in advanced and early age
    * 2.development in persons with normal body mass
    * 3.insulin level in the blood
    * 5.ketoacidic coma as frequent complication
92
Q
  1. Insulin nondependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by:
    1. Frequent development below the age of 30
    2. Development in persons with obesity
    3. Normal or increased level of insulin in the blood
    4. Reduced sensitivity of tissue to insulin
    5. Hereditary predisposition due to HLA antigen
A
  • 2.development in persons with obesity
    * 3.normal or increased level of insulin in the blood
    * 4.reduced sensitivity of tissue to insulin
    * 5.hereditary predisposition due to HLA antigen
93
Q
  1. Decompensation of diabetes mellitus is characterized by:
    1. Increasing dryness in the mouth, thirst
    2. Itching
    3. Polydipsia, polyuria
    4. Lymphadenopathy
    5. Fasting glycemia
A
  • 1.increasing dryness in the mouth, thirst
    * 2.itching
    * 3.polydipsia, polyuria
    * 5.fasting glycemia
94
Q
  1. Vascular complications of diabetes mellitus include:
    1. Atherosclerosis of coronary vessels, IHD
    2. Diabetic foot
    3. Retinopathy with vision reduction
    4. Diabetic glomerulosclerosis
    5. Coarctation of aorta
A
  • 1.atherosclerosis of coronary vessels, IHD
    * 2.diabetic foot
    * 3.retinopathy with vision reduction
    * 4.diabetic glomerulosclerosis
95
Q
  1. the most informative index of quality of diabetes mellitus correction is:
    1. Level of glycaemia during the day
    2. Glycated haemoglobin level
    3. C-peptide concentration
    4. Daily glycosuria
    5. Lack of complaints
A

*2.glycated haemoglobin level

96
Q
  1. Which of the following is correct for ketoacidic coma?
    1. Most frequently develops in patients with insuline-dependent diabetes mellitus
    2. Ketonemia, ketonuria
    3. PH blood <7, 3
    4. Acetone fetor ex ore (bad breath, odor), Kussmaul’s respiration
    5. All of the above
A

*5.all of the above

97
Q
  1. Which of the following is characterized of hypoglycaemia?
    1. Results from the overdose of insulin, excessive physical activity
    2. Glucose level in the blood is less than 3 mmol/l
    3. Acetone fetor ex ore
    4. Sweating, tremor, excitation, feeling of hunger
    5. Relief with iv 40-60 ml 40% glucose
A
  • 1.results from the overdose of insulin, excessive physical activity
    * 2.glucose level in the blood is less than 3 mmol/l
    * 4.sweating, tremor, excitation, feeling of hunger
    * 5.relief with iv 40-60 ml 40% glucose
98
Q
  1. Diabetic foot syndrome can result from:
    1. Atherosclerosis of lower extremity vessels
    2. Impaired microcirculation
    3. Neuropathy with reduction in the painful, tactile, temperature sensitivity
    4. Contamination, trauma
    5. All of the above
A

*5.all of the above

99
Q
  1. Which of the following symptoms are characteristic of hyperthyroidism?(sympstoms of hypothyroidism is their answers)
    1. Lethargy, mental retardation
    2. Diarrhoea, constipation
    3. Elevated /high cholesterol in blood
    4. Change in the voice, skin dryness
    5. Tachycardia
A
  • 1.lethargy, mental retardation
    * 3.elevated /high cholesterol in blood
    * 4.change in the voice, skin dryness
100
Q
  1. Clinical signs of alcoholic disease include:
    1. dupuytren’s contracture
    2. parotis, hepatomegaly
    3. Signs of injuries
    4. Face hyperemia with expansion of the network of the skin capillaries
    5. All of the above
A

*5.all of the above

101
Q
  1. Which of the following signs of articular damage characterize rheumatisim?
    1. Migrating benign polyarthritis of the large joints
    2. Onset of articular syndrome with the big toe joints
    3. Deformation of the small joints of the hands
    4. Articular syndrome leads to deformation of joints
    5. Articular syndrome is accompanied by mitral stenosis
A
  • 1.migrating benign polyarthritis of the large joints

* 5.articular syndrome is accompanied by mitral stenosis

102
Q
  1. The diagnosis of iron- deficiency anemia is verified by:
    1. Hypochromia. Microcytosis
    2. Decreasing level of iron in the blood serum
    3. Reduction in serum ferritin
    4. Pica chlorotica
    5. Clubbed fingers
A
  • 1.hypochromia. Microcytosis
    * 2.decreasing level of iron in the blood serum
    * 3.reduction in serum ferritin
    * 4.pica chlorotica
103
Q
  1. Signs of the pernicious anemia include:
    1. Macrocytosis
    2. Megaloblastic type o hematosis
    3. Reticulocyte crisis on the 5th-7th day of treatment
    4. Hyperacid gastritis
    5. Funicular myelosis
A
  • 1.macrocytosis
    * 2.megaloblastic type o hematosis
    * 3.reticulocyte crisis on the 5th-7th day of treatment
    * 5.funicular myelosis
104
Q
  1. Which of the following symptoms constitute the main difference between acute and chronic leucosis?
    1. Enlarged spleen only in patients with acute leucosis
    2. Leucocytosis is seen only in patients with chronic leucosis
    3. Enlarged lymph nodes only in chronic leucosis
    4. Blast cells are the substratum of acute leucosis
    5. Haemorrhagic syndrome is seen only in chronic leucosis
A

*4.blast cells are the substratum of acute leucosis

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