Factors affecting enzyme activity

Question 1

Measuring enzyme activity on how fast product is made

Answer 1

• different molecules are present at end of chemical reaction than at the beginning
• measuring amount of end product present at different times during the experiment the reaction can be calculated

Question 2

measuring on how fast the substrate is broken down

Answer 2

• to produce end products in a reaction substrate molecules have to be used up
• by measuring different amount of substrate molecules left at different stages

Question 3

temperature

Answer 3

• reaction increases when temperature increases
• more heat = more kinetic energy so molecules move faster
• substrate molecules more likely to collide with enzymes active site
• energy in these collisions also more likely to increase which means the collisions are more likely to result in a reaction

Question 4

temperature too high

Answer 4

• reaction stops
• temperature makes enzyme molecules vibrate more above certain level of vibration breaks some of the bonds that hold the enzymes in shape
• active shape than changes shape so the enzyme and substrate no longer fit together resulting in it being denatured
• no lunger functioning as a catalyst
• optimum temp in humans 37
• biological washing powders 60

Question 5

pH

Answer 5

• enzymes have optimum pH value
• humans 7
• pepsin 2
• above and below optimum temperature H+ and OH- ions found in acids and alkalis can disrupt the ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds that hold the enzymes tertiary structures in place becoming denatured

Question 6

Substrate concentration

Answer 6

higher substrate concentration the faster the concentration

• more substrate molecules means a collisions between substrate and enzymes are more likely so more active sites will be occupied
• only true up until a saturation point
• after all es complexes are occupied adding more makes no difference as saturation point was achieved

Question 7

Enzyme concentration

Answer 7

• more enzyme molecules
• more likely substrate molecules to collide with one and form an es complex
• increasing concentration increases rate of reaction
• if amount of substrate limited there will be a time where more than enough enzyme molecules to deal with all substrate so adding more enzymes will give no further effect