facial plastic surgery

Question 1

what are the 5 major components to the facial complex?

Answer 1

forehead
nose
eyes
lips
chin

Question 2

what are indications for facial plastic surgery?

Answer 2

aesthetic anxiety - effect of ageing, congenital defects
trauma
following tumour excision

Question 3

what is rhinoplasty?

Answer 3

nose reshaping

Question 4

what needs to be ruled out before rhinoplasty?

Answer 4

contraindications e.g. MH issues

Question 5

what is otoplasty?

Answer 5

surgical reshaping of pinna (ear)

Question 6

what are the 3 common problems that may stop an otoplasty from being able to be carried out?

Answer 6

underdeveloped antihelical fold
prominent concha
protruding lobe

Question 7

what is mentoplasty?

Answer 7

chin augmentation

Question 8

what are the intrinsic factors that cause visual aspects of ageing?

Answer 8

genetics
build-up of damaging products and increased biological ageing of cells
oestrogen levels influence skin integrity

Question 9

what are the extrinsic factors that cause visual aspects of ageing?

Answer 9

insult from environment add to dermatological signs of ageing

Question 10

what are the effects of ageing?

Answer 10

skin thins
melanocytes decreased = uneven pigmentation
akin flattens are dermo-epidermal junction
decreased collagen and elastin turnover
vol of subcutaneous fat decreases
fat distribution alters = dec in face, hands, feet, inc in thighs, waist, abdomen

Question 11

what is the aesthetic intervention ladder?

Answer 11

botulinum toxin
fillers
blepharoplasty - reshape eyelids
skin rejuvination
face lift

Question 12

what does healing by secondary intention describe?

Answer 12

healing of a wound in which the wound edges cannot be approximate

Question 13

what does healing by secondary intention require and what are the cosmetic outcomes?

Answer 13

granulation tissue matrix to be built to fill the wound defect
better outcomes - less scarring/movement of tissue

Question 14

when does healing by primary closure occur?

Answer 14

when wound edges are approximated e.g. sutures etc

Question 15

what should delayed primary closure be used?

Answer 15

infected tissue/wound
unsure of tumour margins

Question 16

what do skin grafts involve?

Answer 16

transplantation of skin
quick and covers large SA
can’t go onto bone or tendon directly

Question 17

what are the two types of skin graft?

Answer 17

removing thin layer from healthy part of body

OR

full-thickness skin graft -> pinching and cutting skin away from donor section