Face & Head Muscles

Question 1

actions: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead (assisted by the occipital belly, the frontal belly draws the scalp back)
origin: two occipital bellies (on the lateral two-thirds of the highest nuchal line, and on the mastoid process of the temporal bone) and two frontal bellies (inserted in the fascia of the facial muscles and in the skin above the eyes and nose)
insertion: galea aponeurotica

Answer 1

occipitofrontalis

Question 2

action: only serves for facial expressions (In the eyebrows, its primary function is to lift them, especially when looking up. It also acts when a view is too distant or dim)
origin: galea aponeurotica
insertion: orbicularis oculi muscle
attached to the skin of the eyebrows

Answer 2

frontalis

Question 3

covers the upper part of the cranium. is attached in the interval between its union with the occipitofrontalis muscle, to the external occipital protuberance and highest nuchal lines of the occipital bone. (scalp)

Answer 3

(epicranial) aponeurosis

Question 4

action: close the eye, and is the only muscle capable of doing so (palpebral portion acts involuntarily, closing the lids gently, as in sleep or in blinking; the orbital portion is subject to conscious control)
origin: frontal bone; medial palpebral ligament; lacrimal bone
insertion: lateral side of eye socket

Answer 4

orbicularis oculi

Question 5

action: raises the corners of the mouth when a person smiles.(usually a single unit, dimples are caused by variations in form)
origin: anterior of zygomatic
insertion: modiolus of mouth (side of mouth)

Answer 5

zygomaticus major

Question 6

action: elevates upper lip
origin: zygomatic bone
insertion: skin of the upper lip

Answer 6

zygomaticus minor

Question 7

action: is sometimes known as the kissing muscle because it is used to pucker the lips.
origin: maxilla and mandible
insertion: skin around the lips

Answer 7

orbicularis oris

Question 8

action: produces a slight wrinkling of the surface of the skin of the neck in an oblique direction (anterior portion, the thickest part of the muscle, depresses the lower jaw) (shock or horror)
origin: subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions
insertion: base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris

Answer 8

platysma

Question 9

action: elevate the mandible, raising the lower jaw. elevation of the mandible occurs during the closing of the jaws
origin: zygomatic arch and maxillary process of zygomatic bone
insertion: angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible, coronoid process

Answer 9

masseter

Question 10

action: most powerful muscle of the temporomandibular joint. anterior portion runs vertically and its contraction results in elevation of the mandible (closing the mouth), posterior portion has fibers which run horizontally and contraction of this portion results in retrusion of the mandible
(accessible on the temples, and can be seen and felt contracting while the jaw is clenching and unclenching)
origin: temporal lines on the parietal bone of the skull and the superior temporal surface of the sphenoid bone
insertion: coronoid process of the mandible and retromolar fossa

Answer 10

temporalis

Question 11

action: pull back the angle of the mouth and to flatten the cheek area, which aids in holding the cheek to the teeth during chewing (it aids whistling and smiling, and in neonates it is used to suckle)
origin: from the alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, buccinator crest and temporomandibular joint
insertion: in the fibers of the orbicularis oris

Answer 11

buccinator