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A&P > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the temporal bone and the basilar part of the occipital bone

A

sphenoid bone

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2
Q

separates the nasal cavity from the brain. It is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits

A

ethmoid bone

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3
Q

a small bone forming part of the eye socket

A

lacrimal bone

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4
Q

placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face and by their junction, form the bridge of the nose

A

nasal bone

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5
Q

(cheekbone or malar bone) is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone

A

zygomatic bone

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6
Q

the jaw or jawbone, specifically the upper jaw

A

maxilla

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7
Q

he jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone

A

mandible

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8
Q

together with the maxillae they comprise the hard palate

A

palatine bone

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9
Q

ocated in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones

A

vomer

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10
Q

one of the three paired nasal conchae in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (the lowest one)

A

inferior nasal concha

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11
Q

ear canal

A

external auditory meatus

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12
Q

conical prominence of the temporal bone behind the ear, to which neck muscles are attached, and which has air spaces linked to the middle ear.

A

mastoid process

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13
Q

a slender pointed piece of bone just below the ear. It projects down and forward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone, and serves as an anchor point for several muscles associated with the tongue and larynx

A

styloid process

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14
Q

a projection of the temporal bone

A

zygomatic process

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15
Q

the passageway in the temporal bone through which the internal carotid artery enters the middle cranial fossa from the neck

A

carotid foramen

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16
Q

a large foramen (aperture) in the base of the skull. It is located behind the carotid canal and is formed in front by the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and behind by the occipital bone

A

jugular foramen

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17
Q

a canal within the petrous part of the temporal bone of the skull between the posterior cranial fossa and the inner ear

A

internal auditory meatus

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18
Q

a sieve-like partition between the olfactory bulb and nasal passage

A

cribriform plate

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19
Q

also known as the cribriform foramina (cribr- is “a sieve” in Greek), is the grouping of holes located on the cribriform plate

A

olfactory foramina

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20
Q

medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin

A

middle nasal concha

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21
Q

back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate

A

superior nasal concha

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22
Q

a circular hole in the sphenoid bone

A

foramen rotundum

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23
Q

one of the larger of the several holes (the foramina) that transmit nerves through the skull. situated in the posterior part of the sphenoid bone, posterolateral to the foramen rotundum.

A

foramen ovale

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24
Q

a depression in the sphenoid bone, containing the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

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25
Q

a thick, horizontal process of the maxilla. It forms the anterior three quarters of the hard palate, the horizontal plate of the palatine bone making up the rest

A

palatine process of maxilla

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26
Q

a ridge on the inferior surface, and on the mandible it is a ridge on the superior surface. It makes up the thickest part of the maxillae. the lining of the tooth socket or alveolus

A

alveoli of mandible + maxilla

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27
Q

the process on the human mandible and some other species’ mandibles that ends in a condyle, the mandibular condyle. It is thicker than the coronoid process of the mandible and consists of two portions: the condyle and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck.

A

condylar processes of mandible

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28
Q

a thin horizontal bony plate made up of two bones of the facial skeleton, located in the roof of the mouth. the bony front part of the palate.

A

hard palate

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29
Q

the bone and cartilage in the nose that separates the nasal cavity into the two nostrils

A

nasal septum

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30
Q

the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated

A

orbit

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31
Q

the opening to the optic canal. The canal is located in the sphenoid bone; it is bounded medially by the body of the sphenoid and laterally by the lesser wing of the sphenoid

A

optic foramen

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32
Q

a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone

A

superior orbital fissure

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33
Q

lies in the floor of the orbit inferior to the superior orbital fissure and it is bounded superiorly by the greater wing of sphenoid

A

inferior orbital fissure

34
Q

one of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses that are situated behind the brow ridges. Sinuses are mucosa-lined airspaces within the bones of the face and skull

A

frontal sinus

35
Q

is part of the paranasal sinus system and is located between the nose and eyes. It is very small at birth and becomes walnut-sized during puberty

A

ethmoidal sinus

36
Q

one of the four paranasal sinuses, which are sinuses located near the nose. the largest of the paranasal sinuses. located below the cheeks, above the teeth and on the sides of the nose

A

maxillary sinus

37
Q

situated back of the nose in the sphenoidal bone, which forms a forward part of the base of the skull and contains the depression, or fossa, for the pituitary gland. The sinuses are separated from each other by a bony wall

A

sphenoidal sinus

38
Q

a U-shaped bone in the neck which supports the tongue

A

hyoid

39
Q

the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull

A

cervical vertebrae (7)

40
Q

the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. they are intermediate in size between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae; they increase in size going towards the lumbar vertebrae, with the lower ones being a lot larger than the upper

A

thoracic vertebrae (12)

41
Q

five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis. They are the largest segments of the vertebral column and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process (since it is only found in the cervical region) and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body (as found only in the thoracic region)

A

lumbar vertebrae (5)

42
Q

the thick oval segment of bone forming the front of the vertebra also called the centrum

A

vertebral body

43
Q

a stub of bone that connects the lamina to the vertebral body to form the vertebral arch. Two short, stout processes extend from the sides of the vertebral body and joins with broad flat plates of bone (laminae) to form a hollow archway that protects the spinal cord

A

pedicle

44
Q

one on each side of the vertebral body, project from either side at the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They also serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments, in particular the intertransverse ligaments

A

transverse body

45
Q

plates of bone that form the posterior walls of each vertebra, enclosing the spinal cord

A

lamina

46
Q

a bony projection off the posterior (back) of each vertebra. protrudes where the laminae of the vertebral arch join and provides the point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine

A

spinous process

47
Q

(or neural arch) is the posterior part of a vertebra. It consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes: four articular processes.

A

vertebral arch

48
Q

the foramen (opening) formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. begins at cervical vertebra #1 (C1 or atlas) and continues inferior to lumbar vertebra #5 (L5)

A

vertebral foramen

49
Q

from the junctions of the pedicles and laminæ. project upward, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward

A

superior articular process

50
Q

a posterior facing, slightly concave surface on the superior articular process. It articulates with the inferior articular facet on the vertebra above

A

superior articular facet

51
Q

spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminæ. project downward, and their surfaces look more or less forward.

A

inferior articular processes

52
Q

the articular surface of the inferior articular process of vertebrae, articulating with the superior articular facet of the vertebra below to form a zygapophysial joint

A

inferior articular facet

53
Q

Within the context of thoracic vertebrae, the head of a rib is joined to two thoracic vertebrae via costal demifacets; half of the facet is on the superior vertebra. The demifacet may be semilunar or semicircular

A

superior demifacet (thoracic)

54
Q

Within the context of thoracic vertebrae, the head of a rib is joined to two thoracic vertebrae via costal demifacets; half of the facet is on the inferior vertebra. The demifacet may be semilunar or semicircular

A

inferior demifacet (thoracic)

55
Q

the most superior (first) cervical vertebra of the spine. it supports the globe of the head which is the skull. the topmost vertebra and with the axis forms the joint connecting the skull and spine

A

atlas (c1)

56
Q

the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine

A

axis (c2)

57
Q

a blunt tooth–like process that projects upward on the axis. provides a type of pivot and collar allowing the head and atlas to rotate around it.

A

dens

58
Q

a foramen in each transverse process of a cervical vertebra through which the vertebral artery and vertebral vein pass in each cervical vertebra except the seventh

A

transverse foramina

59
Q

the foramen (opening) formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch

A

vertebral foramina

60
Q

any of the openings on the left and right side of the spinal column between vertebrae that is formed by a superior and inferior notch in the pedicles of contiguous vertebrae and gives passage to the spinal nerves from the spinal canal.

A

intervertebral foramina

61
Q

oval-shaped, superior projections located on both sides of the sacral canal. On the posterior surface of each process is a concave facet. The facets articulate with inferior articular facets on the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) above.

A

superior articular processes of sacrum

62
Q

the inferior end of the vertebral canal running through most of the sacrum

A

sacral canal

63
Q

any of 16 openings in the sacrum of which there are four on each side of the dorsal surface giving passage to the posterior branches of the sacral nerves and four on each side of the pelvic surface giving passage to the anterior branches of the sacral nerves

A

sacral foramen

64
Q

the upper end of the sacrum that articulates with the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra in the midline plus the superior aspects of the alae on either side

A

base of sacrum

65
Q

the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal curves. The thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are primary curves retained from the original fetal curvature

A

4 normal curvatures of vertebral column

66
Q

a sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. think snake

A

scoliosis

67
Q

Also called: swayback. A curving inward of the lower back. causes an unusually large, inward arch on the lower back, just above the buttocks. The condition may cause lower back pain.

A

lordosis

68
Q

Also called: hunchback. A forward rounding of the back. an abnormally curved spine. It’s most common in older women and often related to osteoporosis.

A

kyphosis

69
Q

the broad upper part of the sternum. joins with the body of the sternum, the clavicles and the cartilages of the first pair of ribs. The inferior border, oval and rough, is covered with a thin layer of cartilage for articulation with the body.

A

manibrium of sternum

70
Q

the smallest and most inferior region of the sternum, or breastbone. At birth, it is a thin, roughly triangular region of cartilage that slowly ossifies into a bone and fuses with the body of the sternum.

A

xiphoid process of sternum

71
Q

suprasternal notch. a large, visible dip in between the neck and the two collarbones. found at the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum, between the clavicular notches.

A

jugular notch

72
Q

or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury.

A

body of sternum

73
Q

The first seven ribs attach to the sternum (the breast bone) in the front

A

true ribs (7)

74
Q

The lower five ribs do not directly connect to the sternum

A

false ribs (5)

75
Q

the two lowermost, the eleventh and twelfth rib pairs; so-called because they are attached only to the vertebrae–and not to the sternum or cartilage of the sternum. These ribs are relatively small and delicate, and include a cartilaginous tip

A

floating ribs (2)

76
Q

articulates with the demifacet of vertebra

A

head of rib

77
Q

On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body of the rib, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminence. it consists of an articular and a non-articular portion.

A

tubercle of rib

78
Q

a small, oval surface for articulation on rib

A

articular part of tubercle

79
Q

articulates with the costal facet, located on the transverse process of the more posterior vertebra

A

facet on transverse process for articular part of tubercle

80
Q

literally means porous bone, is a disease in which the density and quality of bone are reduced. As bones become more porous and fragile, the risk of fracture is greatly increased. The loss of bone occurs silently and progressively. Often there are no symptoms until the first fracture occurs.

A

osteoporosis

A&P (12 decks)

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