Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). Together with the coracoid process it extends laterally over the shoulder joint
acromion of scapula
a joint at the top of the shoulder. It is the junction between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the clavicle. It is a plane synovial joint
acromioclavicular joint
a small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula. Pointing laterally forward, it, together with the acromion, serves to stabilize the shoulder joint.
coracoid process
the concave depression(“fossa” = “shallow depression”) located on the anterior = costal surface of the scapula bone only.
subscapular fossa
a raised, roughened area located on the lateral side of the shaft at its midpoint. It is an attachment point for the deltoid muscle.
deltoid tuberosity
a rounded projection at the distolateral end of the humerus. The posterior surface serves as an attachment point for some of the muscles that extend the wrist and fingers of the hand. inferior to greater tubercle of humerus
lateral epicondyle
inferior to lesser tubercle of humerus (axillary)
medial epicondyle
inner elbow on anterior side of humerus, articulates with ulna
trochlea
a small, knob-like prominence, on lateral epicondyle, inferior to greater tuberosity on anterior side of humerus
capitulum
on anterior side of humerus, superior to trochlea, provides space for the coronoid process of the ulna when the forearm is flexed
coronoid fossa
on posterior side of humerus, superior to posterior view of trochlea, in which the summit of the olecranon is received during extension of the forearm.
olecranon fossa
medial side of fore arm, pinky side, has a hook shape to superior portion, think “elbow”, articulates with trochlea of humerus
ulna
blunt shape head, lateral side of forearm, thumb side, articulates with capitulum of humerus
radius
of ulna. articulates with olecranon fossa of humerus, “posterior elbow”, “outer bump of elbow”, “top of hook”
olecranon process
of ulna. inner elbow, articulates with coronoid fossa of humerus, “bottom of hook”
coronoid process
of ulna. articulates with trochlea of humerus. “inner hook”
trochlea notch
a small projection that descends from the posterior portion of the ulnar head.
styloid process of ulna
articulates not on elbow end, but near fingers “wrist”, on ulnar notch of radius
head of ulna
articulates near elbow end, articulates with radial notch of ulna
head of radius
a thick, pointed, lateral projection from the distal end of bone. It forms the lateral portion of the wrist joint
styloid process of radius
formed by hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx.
bony pelvis
made up of three fused bones: the ischium, the ilium, and the pubis (single hip bone)
pelvic girdle
“elephant ear”, superior portion of hip bone aka ox coxa,
ilieum
curved upper ridge of ilieum
iliac crest
of iliac crest, a spinous projection
anterior superior iliac spine
a notch in the ilium, one of the bones that make up the human pelvis. It lies between the posterior inferior iliac spine (above), and the ischial spine (below).
greater sciatic notch
broad depression, on anterior surface of ilieum, inferior to the iliac crest.
iliac fossa
lower posterior portion of ox coxa
ischium
sit bones, or as a pair the sitting bones is a large swelling posteriorly on the superior ramus of the ischium. It marks the lateral boundary of the pelvic outlet.
ischial tuberosity
medial, towards inner pelvis, a bony projection
ischial spine
inferior anterior portion of ox coxae
pubis
think “socket”, where head of femur articlates, part of lower ilieum, most of ischium
acetabulum
a large opening enclosed by the pubic and ischial rami
obturator foramen
(or greater) pelvis is bounded on either side by the ilium, border of “oval”
false pelvis
ontains the pelvic colon, rectum, bladder, and some of the reproductive organs, “oval”
true pelvis
anterior view of pelvis, where abdominal cavity enters pelvic cavity
pelvic inlet
where the coccyx ends, where pelvic cavity exits, near “anus”
pelvic outlet
heaviest bone in body, longest and strongest. bears the weight of the body
femur
large, irregular-shaped process located lateral to neck and head and superior to shaft. of femur. anterior. if on right: you’ll see it laterally. if on left: you’ll see it medially. posterior.if on right: you’ll see it medially. if on left: you’ll see it laterally.
greater trochanter
medial prominence located just inferior to neck. of femur. it is more visible on posterior side of femur. inferior to greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
only on posterior side of femur. a roughened, vertical elevation that extends from the top of the linea aspera to the base of the greater trochanter
gluteal tuberosity
a vertical ridge that runs along the midline of the femur’s posterior surface
linea aspera
large, rounded, knob-like projection at the mediodistal end of the femur. It articulates with the medial condyle of the tibia
medial condyle of femur
a large rounded projection at the laterodistal end of the bone. It articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia at the knee.
lateral condyle of femur
a protrusion above the medial condyle
medial epicondyle of femur
a small protrusion above the lateral condyle
lateral epicondyle of femur
ACL. connects your thighbone (femur) to your shinbone (tibia)
anterior cruciate ligament
PCL. back of knee. connects posterior intercondylar area of tibia to the medial condyle of femur.
posterior cruciate ligament
a flat, band-like object located on the knee’s medial (middle) aspect
tibial collateral ligament
lateral (outer) side of the knee
fibular collateral ligament
knee cap
patella
if paired with fibula, is the larger bone, with larger head, forms medial part of ankle
tibia
bump on the inner side of the ankle joint. This is the end of the shin bone (tibia) and forms the support for the inner side of the ankle joint.
medial malleolus
long, thin and lateral bone of the lower leg. stabilizing the ankle and supporting the muscles of the lower leg. Compared to the tibia, is thinner
fibula
on the outside of the ankle joint. This bone is part of the fibula
lateral malleolus
heel
calcaneous
ankle
talus
wrist bones
carpals
lower part of fingers
metacarpals
fingers
phalanges
contains calcaneous and talus
tarsals
foot bones
metatarsals
toes
phalanges
