FA 2016 pg 343- 349 GI Flashcards
list the branches of the celiac trunk
Left gastric artery, splenic artery & common hepatic artery
ulcer at the lesser curvature of the stomach will affect what artery?
Left Gastric artery
true or false duodenal ulcers are malignant?
False
Epigastric pain that improves with meals and posterior ulcer, what artery could be damaged?
Gastroduodenal artery
In the celiac trunk strong anastomosis exist between …..
left & right gastroepiploic
left & right Gastric
what anastomoses are seen in esophageal varices
left gastric & Azygous (apparently not with “esophageal” based on FA 2016)
what the anastomoses in anorectal varices
superior rectal—-middle & inferior Rectal
anastomoses between paraumbilical vein to small epigastric vein of the anterior abdominal wall is seen in what clinical sign
Caput Medusae
what two pathology is seen above the pectinate line?
Adenocarcinoma & internal hemorrhoids
why are internal hemorrhoids not painful
due to visceral inervation
what is the lymphatic drainage above the pectinate line
internal iliac lymph nodes
describe the venous drainage above the pectinate line
superior rectal—inf rectal—mesentary vein — portal system
what lymphatic drains the testes and ovaries
para-aortic
what pathology is seen below the pectinate line
ext hemorrhoids, squamous cell cancer
what nerve branch is responsible for the somatic innervation of Ext Hemmorhoids
inferior rectal branch of pedental nerve
lymphatic drainage below the pectinate line
superficial inguinal nodes
what location do the tear of anal fissure take place
below the pectinate line posteriorly because it is poorly perfused
list presentation of anal fissure
pain while pooping
Blood on toilet Paper
Anal fissure is associated with what two things?
low fiber diet & constipation
the blood supply below the pectinate line come from what branch?
Inferior Rectal artery which is a branch of
Internal Pudental artery
macrophage in the liver is also called?
Kupffer cells
What cells in the space of disse stores VIt A, and also produces ECM when activated?
Ito cells aka hepatic stellate cells
what zone of the liver is first affected by viral hepatitis
periportal zone (zone 1)
what zone in the liver does cocaine affect?
periportal zone (zn 1)
yellow fever targets what zone in the liver?
intermediate zone (zone 2)
which zone is affected 1st by ischemia
zone 3 ( centrillobular)
what zone do you see the pericentral vein?
zone 3
what zone is the most sensitive to metabolic toxins
zn 3
what zone is the site for alcohol hepatitis
zone 3
what zone contains cytc p450
zn 3
blood get into the systemic circulation via what vein and what pathology affects it?
Hepatic vein & Bud Chiari
Gall stones that block the common bile duct and pancreatic duct at the ampulla of Vater causes what two pathologies?
cholangitis & Pancreatitis
list all the causes of acute pancreatitis?
I GET SMASHED
what type of pathology is associated with the head of the pancreas that cause painless jaundice
Ductal adenocarcinoma (obstruct common bile duct)
where is the position of the femoral vein in relation to the femoral artery in the femoral triangle
femoral vein is medial to the femoral artery (remember NAVEL from Lateral to Medial)
list the items present in the femoral triangle
VAN is present in the femoral triangle
which structure is not found in the femoral sheet
femoral n
Cremastic muscle and fascia comes from what inguinal canal structure?
Internal oblique
Transversals Fascia becomes what part of spermatic cord?
internal spermatic fascia
External Oblique becomes
external spermatic Fascia
what is the site of protrusion of direct Hernia?
Abdominal wall
What is the site of protrusion of Indirect Hernia
Deep (internal) inguinal Ligament
Complicated hernias present with what symptoms?
Tenderness, Erythema & Fever
defect of pleuroperitoneal membrane refers to what disease?
Diaphragmatic hernia
why does Diaphragmatic Hernia commonly occur on the left side?
due to the protection of the right Hemidiaphragm by the liver
what is hiatal hernia
Cardia of the stomach herniate upwards thru the esophagus hiatus of the diaphragm
Hour Glass stomach refers to?
Sliding hiatal Hernia
what is a complication of sliding hiatal hernia
GERD
Bonus: list clinical features of GERD
Heartburn (mimicking cardiac chest pain), Asthma & Cough, Damage to the Enamel of teeth and ulceration with strictures
DOUBLE BONUS: what is a complication of GERD
Barrett Esophagus
Triple Bonus: what kind of cancer is associated with Barret Esophagus?
Adenocarcinoma
Fundus protruding into the thorax is seen in what pathology?
Paraesophageal Hernia
what is the most common type of diaphragmatic Hernia
Sliding Hiatal
goes through the deep inguinal ring and superficial inguinal ring then into the scrotum refers to …….
Indirect Hernia
Occurs in infants due to failure of the processus Vaginialis
Indirect hernia
what other pathology is associated with failure of process vaginalis
hydrocele
Occurs lateral to inferior epigastric artery
Indirect
what type of Hernia is covered by all three layers of the spermatic fascia
Indirect
protrudes through the hesselbach triangle
Direct
Goes through the external inguinal ring only
direct
covered by external spermatic fascia
Direct
type of Hernia Usually in older adult
Direct
Medial to Inf epigastric artery
Direct
protrudes through the inguinal ligament through femoral canal below and lateral to pubic tubercle
femoral hernia
what type of hernia is more common in females
femoral hernia
what makes up the hesselback triangle
inferior epigastric artery lateral border of the rectus abdomens & Inguinal Ligament
Quadruple Bonus: whats another name for Inguinal ligament
Poupart ligament
what zone is affected by hemochromatosis
zone 1
