F3 - SEM1 - PROTEIN Flashcards
What elements is protein composed of?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Phosphorus
What is the basic unit of Protein?
Amino acid
How many types of amino acids are there?
around 20 types of amino acid
How much energy does a gram of amino acids has?
18.2 KJ / g
Describe the are of amino acids
amino group
carboxyl group
side chain
Diagram
What are the 2 types of amino acids?
Essential
Non-Essential
Give some examples of essential amino acids and where can it be found
Histidine - rice, wheat, potatoes, cantaloupe
Valine - spinach, broccoli, sesame
What happens when amino acids go through condensation ( - H2O )?
Peptide / polypeptide is formed
How amino acids form proteins?
Polypeptide is formed by joining amino acids after condensation
> polypeptide coils and foils in a specific way (due to attraction force) into a 3D structure
> coiled or foiled polypeptide combine with other polypeptide to form proteins
Why 3D structures are so important?
Enzymes - speed up chemical reactions
Antibody - kill pathogens
Receptors - on the surface of cell membrane
What are the source of protein?
From Animal
- meat, fish, egg, dairy products
From Plant
- beans (not all beans), mushrooms
What are the functions of protein?
- Raw materials for growth - e.g. nail, hair, muscles, skin
- Use substances for enzymes, some hormones, antibodies, haemoglobin
- Raw material for repair
- Last resort of energy - no more carbohydrates and lipids in our body
What happens when excessive intake of protein?
Cannot be stored
Deaminated in liver to form
- urea and pass out in urine
- carbohydrate / lipids
What happens when lack of protein?
Kwashiorkor
Symptoms are weak muscle and swollen abdomen
What are the properties of Proteins?
Composed of C, H, O, N, S, P
Basic unit is amino acids
around 20 types of amino acids
energy 18.2KJ/g
