F3 - SEM1 - CARBOHYDRATES Flashcards
What elements is Carbohydrates composed of?
Composed of element C, H, O
General formula is Cx(H2O)y
H:O ratio is 2:1
What are the functions of Carbohydrates?
Provide immediate energy
Storage of energy
What are the sources of Carbohydrates?
Glucose
- grape, fruit
Starch
- rice, noodle
What are the 3 groups of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides (simple sugar)
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
What are the properties of Monosacharides (simple sugar)?
Soluble in water
Sweet
Can crystalline
All have reducing power (for food test) - form brick red precipitate in Benedict test
What are the Source of Monosacharides?
Grape
Fruit
Milk
What are common example of Monosacharides?
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What are the functions of simple sugar?
Provide immediate energy - glucose (most important), fructose
Carbohydrates are transported in our blood in this form
List example of Disaccharides and provide their source and composed of?
Maltose - glucose + glucose, from germinating barley
Sucrose - glucose + fructose, from cane
Lactose - glucose + galactose, from milk
How to combine Monosacharides to become Disaccharides?
Condensation ( -H2O )
How to break down Disaccharides to Monosaccharide
Hydrolysis ( +H2O )
What are the properties of Disaccharides?
Soluble in water
Sweet
Can Crystalline
Have reducing power except Sucrose
What is the function of Disaccharides?
Carbohydrates are transported in plant in this form
What is Polysaccharides?
Compose of > 300 simple sugar molecules to form long chain by condensation
What are properties of Polysaccharides?
Insoluble in water
Not sweet
What are examples of Polysaccharides?
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Lignin
All made of glucose but in different linkage
What are the functions and sources of below Polysaccharides?
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Lignin
Starch - food reserve in plants, sources are storage organ, rice, noodle, bread, potatoes
Glycogen - food reserve in animal, sources are liver, skeletal muscle
Cellulose - structural materials in plants, (component of cell wall), sources are cell walls of plant cells
Lignin - structural materials in plants (component of thick cell wall), sources are cell walls of plant cells
What happens if lacks of Carbohydrates?
Lack of energy to do activities
How to test below Carbohydrates and what are the positive result?
Reducing sugar
Glucose
Starch
Reducing sugar - Benedict’s test, blue to brick red precipitate
Glucose - Glucose test paper, depends
Starch - Iodine test, brown to dark blue
What happens if excessive uptake of Carbohydrates?
Store as glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle
If much more, change into Lipin and store in adipose tissue, e.g. under skin (subcutaneous fat), around the organ
