F3 - SEM1 - CELL AS BASIC UNIT OF LIFE Flashcards
Who and when found “Cell”?
Robert Hooke found “Cell” in 1665 when observing cork tissue
What was the tool used to find “Cell”?
Microscope
Explain Cell theory
All living organisms are made of one or more cells
The cells are basic unit of structure, function and organization in all organisms
All cells come from pre-existing, living cells
What are cells composed of
Biomolecules
Name 5 common biomolecules
Water
Carbonhyrate
Protein
Lipid (e.g., Fat)
Nucleic acids
What are the 3 structures of animal cells that can be observed under light microscope?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Diagram
What are the 3 main characteristics of cell membrane and their functions?
- Differentials permeable - control materials in and out of the cell
- Flexible - can become bigger and smaller
- Mainly made up of lipid molecules - enclose the cell and separate the cell contents from outside
What are the 2 characteristics of Cytoplasma and their functions?
- Jelly liked - holds all the organelles
- Full of enzymes and reactants - sites of chemical reactions
What is the characteristic of nucleus and its function?
Contain DNA (genetic material) - control the activities of the cell
What are the structures that can be observed under electron microscope?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Diagram
What is the characteristic and its function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Contain ribosome - site of making proteins
What is the characteristic of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and its function?
Network - site of making lipid, transport of lipid
What is the characteristic of Endoplasmic Reticulum and its function?
Interconnected network, a link between cytoplasm and nuclear membrane - transport substances efficiently in the cytoplasm
What is the function of Ribsome?
Making protein
What are the 2 characteristics of Mitochondria and their functions?
Rod-shaped, double membrane, finger-like projections and contain related enzymes - carry out aerobic respiration to produce energy
What are the 2 characteristics of Vacuole and their functions?
Space containing water and dissolved substances - storage of dissolved substances
Differentially permeable - control materials in and out of vacuole
What are 3 structures that can be found in plants only?
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Large vacuole
What are the 2 characteristic of cell wall and its function?
Made up of cellulose rigid - give shape to cell and support to plant
Fully permeable - allow materials go in and out of the cell
What is the characteristic of chloroplast!
Contains chlorophyll - absorb light for photosynthesis
What is the 2 characteristic of Large vacuole and its function?
Control water and other materials in and out, differentially permeable - maintain the content in the cytoplasm
Explain levels of Organization
Atom > Molecule / Compound > Organelle > Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ System > Organism
Explain hierarchy of biological order
Cell level - for multicellular organsism
> Tissue level - made up of many cells of same type
> Organ level - made up of different types of tissues
> System level - made up of different related organs
List different types of cells
Nerve cell
Muscle cell - voluntary, involuntary and cardiac
Bone cell
Gland cells
Blood cells - red blood cells, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil
Reproductive cells - sperm, ovum
List 4 types of tissues
Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
List different types of organs
Heart
Lungs
Liver
Stomach
Brain
Kidneys
Skin
List different types of systems
Integumentary system
Muscular system
Skeletal system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Circulatory system
