F3 - SEM1 - CELL AS BASIC UNIT OF LIFE Flashcards

1
Q

Who and when found “Cell”?

A

Robert Hooke found “Cell” in 1665 when observing cork tissue

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2
Q

What was the tool used to find “Cell”?

A

Microscope

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3
Q

Explain Cell theory

A

All living organisms are made of one or more cells
The cells are basic unit of structure, function and organization in all organisms
All cells come from pre-existing, living cells

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4
Q

What are cells composed of

A

Biomolecules

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5
Q

Name 5 common biomolecules

A

Water
Carbonhyrate
Protein
Lipid (e.g., Fat)
Nucleic acids

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6
Q

What are the 3 structures of animal cells that can be observed under light microscope?

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane

Diagram

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7
Q

What are the 3 main characteristics of cell membrane and their functions?

A
  1. Differentials permeable - control materials in and out of the cell
  2. Flexible - can become bigger and smaller
  3. Mainly made up of lipid molecules - enclose the cell and separate the cell contents from outside
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8
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of Cytoplasma and their functions?

A
  1. Jelly liked - holds all the organelles
  2. Full of enzymes and reactants - sites of chemical reactions
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9
Q

What is the characteristic of nucleus and its function?

A

Contain DNA (genetic material) - control the activities of the cell

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10
Q

What are the structures that can be observed under electron microscope?

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Vacuole

Diagram

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11
Q

What is the characteristic and its function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Contain ribosome - site of making proteins

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12
Q

What is the characteristic of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and its function?

A

Network - site of making lipid, transport of lipid

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13
Q

What is the characteristic of Endoplasmic Reticulum and its function?

A

Interconnected network, a link between cytoplasm and nuclear membrane - transport substances efficiently in the cytoplasm

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14
Q

What is the function of Ribsome?

A

Making protein

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15
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of Mitochondria and their functions?

A

Rod-shaped, double membrane, finger-like projections and contain related enzymes - carry out aerobic respiration to produce energy

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16
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of Vacuole and their functions?

A

Space containing water and dissolved substances - storage of dissolved substances
Differentially permeable - control materials in and out of vacuole

17
Q

What are 3 structures that can be found in plants only?

A

Cell wall
Chloroplast
Large vacuole

18
Q

What are the 2 characteristic of cell wall and its function?

A

Made up of cellulose rigid - give shape to cell and support to plant
Fully permeable - allow materials go in and out of the cell

19
Q

What is the characteristic of chloroplast!

A

Contains chlorophyll - absorb light for photosynthesis

20
Q

What is the 2 characteristic of Large vacuole and its function?

A

Control water and other materials in and out, differentially permeable - maintain the content in the cytoplasm

21
Q

Explain levels of Organization

A

Atom > Molecule / Compound > Organelle > Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ System > Organism

22
Q

Explain hierarchy of biological order

A

Cell level - for multicellular organsism
> Tissue level - made up of many cells of same type
> Organ level - made up of different types of tissues
> System level - made up of different related organs

23
Q

List different types of cells

A

Nerve cell
Muscle cell - voluntary, involuntary and cardiac
Bone cell
Gland cells
Blood cells - red blood cells, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil
Reproductive cells - sperm, ovum

24
Q

List 4 types of tissues

A

Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

25
List different types of organs
Heart Lungs Liver Stomach Brain Kidneys Skin
26
List different types of systems
Integumentary system Muscular system Skeletal system Nervous system Endocrine system Circulatory system