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AS Biology > F212 Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

F212 Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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0
Q

Functions of DNA

A

Replication

Protein Synthesis

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1
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
Polynucleotide
Usually double stranded

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3
Q

Nucleotide

A

The monomer of nucleic acids consisting of a phosphate, a sugar and an organic base

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4
Q

RNA

A

Ribonuclease Acid
Polynucleotide
Usually single stranded

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8
Q

Bases

DNA

A

A
T
C
G

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9
Q

Bases

RNA

A

A
U
C
G

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12
Q

Bases

A

A

Adenine

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13
Q

Bases

C

A

Cytosine

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14
Q

Bonds Between Bases

A-T

A

Two hydrogen bonds

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15
Q

Bonds Between Bases

C-G

A

Three hydrogen bonds

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16
Q

Bases

T

A

Thymine

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17
Q

Bases

G

A

Guanine

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18
Q

Pyrimadines

A

Single ring
C
T
U

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19
Q

Purines

A

Double ring
A
G

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20
Q

Bases

U

A

Uracil

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21
Q

Complimentary Base Pairs

DNA

A

C-G

A-T

22
Q

DNA - Replication

Stages

A

Double helix is untwisted
Hydrogen bonds between the strands are broken exposing the bases
Free DNA nucleotides are hydrogen bonded to the exposed bases on both strands
Sugar phosphate bonds are formed along the back bone of the new DNA strands
Recoil to form double helices
Two new exact replica DNA molecules have been formed

23
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Enzyme that forms sugar phosphate bonds along the backbone of a strand of DNA

24
Q

Complimentary Base Pairs

RNA

A

U-A

C-G

25
Q

Bonding Between Bases

A

Hydrogen bonding
There are two bonds between A and T
There are three bonds between C and G

26
Q

Distance Between Bases

A

Each complimentary base is made up of a pyrimidine and a purine so the chains of DNA are always the same distance apart

27
Q

DNA

Anti Parallel

A

The two strands in DNA run parallel to each other but in the opposite direction, anti parallel

28
Q

DNA

Double Helix

A

The anti parallel chains twist, like twisting a rope ladder to form the final double helix structure

29
Q

DNA - Replication

Process

A

Semi-conservative replication

30
Q

Gene

Definition

A

A sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a polypeptide

31
Q

Role of DNA

A

Protein Synthesis

-The sequences of bases on DNA code for the sequence of amino acids in proteins

32
Q

Roles of RNA

A

Protein Synthesis

  • RNA nucleotides form a complimentary strand, mRNA
  • mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore and attaches to a ribosome
  • tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order according to the sequence of bases on the mRNA

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