F212 Nucleic Acids

Question 0

Functions of DNA

Answer 0

Replication

Protein Synthesis

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
Polynucleotide
Usually double stranded

Question 3

Nucleotide

Answer 3

The monomer of nucleic acids consisting of a phosphate, a sugar and an organic base

Question 4

RNA

Answer 4

Ribonuclease Acid
Polynucleotide
Usually single stranded

Question 8

Bases

DNA

Answer 8

A
T
C
G

Question 9

Bases

RNA

Answer 9

A
U
C
G

Question 12

Bases

A

Answer 12

Adenine

Question 13

Bases

C

Answer 13

Cytosine

Question 14

Bonds Between Bases

A-T

Answer 14

Two hydrogen bonds

Question 15

Bonds Between Bases

C-G

Answer 15

Three hydrogen bonds

Question 16

Bases

T

Answer 16

Thymine

Question 17

Bases

G

Answer 17

Guanine

Question 18

Pyrimadines

Answer 18

Single ring
C
T
U

Question 19

Purines

Answer 19

Double ring
A
G

Question 20

Bases

U

Answer 20

Uracil

Question 21

Complimentary Base Pairs

DNA

Answer 21

C-G

A-T

Question 22

DNA - Replication

Stages

Answer 22

Double helix is untwisted
Hydrogen bonds between the strands are broken exposing the bases
Free DNA nucleotides are hydrogen bonded to the exposed bases on both strands
Sugar phosphate bonds are formed along the back bone of the new DNA strands
Recoil to form double helices
Two new exact replica DNA molecules have been formed

Question 23

DNA polymerase

Answer 23

Enzyme that forms sugar phosphate bonds along the backbone of a strand of DNA

Question 24

Complimentary Base Pairs

RNA

Answer 24

U-A

C-G

Question 25

Bonding Between Bases

Answer 25

Hydrogen bonding
There are two bonds between A and T
There are three bonds between C and G

Question 26

Distance Between Bases

Answer 26

Each complimentary base is made up of a pyrimidine and a purine so the chains of DNA are always the same distance apart

Question 27

DNA

Anti Parallel

Answer 27

The two strands in DNA run parallel to each other but in the opposite direction, anti parallel

Question 28

DNA

Double Helix

Answer 28

The anti parallel chains twist, like twisting a rope ladder to form the final double helix structure

Question 29

DNA - Replication

Process

Answer 29

Semi-conservative replication

Question 30

Gene

Definition

Answer 30

A sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a polypeptide

Question 31

Role of DNA

Answer 31

Protein Synthesis

-The sequences of bases on DNA code for the sequence of amino acids in proteins

Question 32

Roles of RNA

Answer 32

Protein Synthesis

• RNA nucleotides form a complimentary strand, mRNA
• mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore and attaches to a ribosome
• tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order according to the sequence of bases on the mRNA