F212 3 Classification Flashcards
Classification
Sorting things into groups according to similarities
Species
A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
Name the five kingdoms
Plantae Animalia Fungi Protoctista Prokaryotes
Modern hierarchy groups
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Prokaryotic
Cells that don’t have a nucleus
Eukaryotic
Cells tha have a nucleus which contains their DNA
Heterotrophic
Organisms get food from other organisms
Autotrophic
Organisms that produce their own food I.e. Plants photosynthesise
Phylogeny
The study of how closely related different species are based on evolutionary history
Domains
A new level of classification above kingdoms
Archaea bacteria
Eubacteria
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes are split between the two bacteria sand the other four kingdoms fit into the eukaryotes
Eubacteria - Characteristics
No distinct nucleus or organelles
Generally prefer less extreme environments
Archaeabacteria - Characteristics
Closely resemble eubacteria but cell wall composition and aspects of metabolism are different
Live in extreme environments similar to primeval earth
Eukarya - Characteristics
Complex cell structure with organelles and a nucleus
Hierarchical Classification
A classification system that breaks a large group down into smaller groups that don’t overlap
Taxonomy
The study of the principles of classification
The science of naming organisms according to the classification group they fall into
Animalia - Method of Nutrition
Heterotrophic
Plantae - Method of Nutrition
Autotrophic
Fungi - Method of Nutrition
Heterotrophic
Protoctista - Method of Nutrition
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Prokaryota - Method of Nutrition
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
Animalia - DNA
Arranged in chromosomes inside the nucleus
Evidence used by scientists to classify organisms
Anatomy - Physical Characteristics
Behavioural Evidence
DNA
Embryological Evidence
Plantae - DNA
Linear strands arranged in chromosomes
Fungi - DNA
Can have more than one nucleus per cell
Protoctista - DNA
Arranged in chromosomes inside the nucleus
Prokaryota - DNA
Naked loop of DNA, no nucleus
Animalia - Cell Wall
Never present
Plantae - Cell Wall
Cellulose cell wall
Fungi - Cell Wall
Chitin cell wall
Protoctista - Cell Well
Sometimes present
Prokaryota - Cell Wall
Present
Animalia - Nucleus
Present
Plantae - Nucleus
Present
Fungi - Nucleus
Present
Protoctista - Nucleus
Present
Prokaryota - Nucleus
Not present
Animalia - Ribosomes
Large ribosomes
Plantae - Ribosomes
Large ribosomes
Fungi - Ribosomes
Large ribosomes
Protoctista - Ribosomes
Large ribosomes
Prokaryota - Ribosomes
Small ribosomes
70s
Animalia - Membrane Bound Organelles
Present
Plantae - Membrane Bound Organelles
Present
Fungi - Membrane Bound Organelles
Present
Protoctista - Membrane Bound Organelles
Present
Prokaryota - Membrane Bound Organelles
Not present
Dichotomous Key
A key which has two possible out comes at each point
