Eyes and Vision (Chapter 15) Flashcards
inner eye can be easy route for
infection/bacteria
where is the lacrimal gland
upper eye by tail of eye brow
three cranial nerves for extra ocular movement
VI abducens
IV trochlear
III oculomotor
extra ocular muscle funtion
siz cardnial gazes
coronal light reflex
what do the six cardinal gazes measure
parallel tracking
what do the six cardinal gazes observe for
nystagmus
what is a nystagmus
lack of muscle control which results in difficultly tracking
corneal light reflex esotropia
inward turning of the eye
corneal light relflex exotropia
outward turning of the eyes
if you have vision difficulty what cranial nerve is that
II optic
what are we assessing for when asking for past history of ocular problems
recent exam
glasses/contacts
cataracts
opaqueness of lenses, can lead to blindness
overall blurryness
glaucoma
increase in intrauouclar pressure
lose peripheral vision
presobyopia
mid 40s, refractive error that makes it hard for middle aged and older adults to see things up close
FIRMNESS OF THE LENSE
hyperopia
people can’t see up close, occurs at any age
EYES INABILITY TO PROCESS LIGHT
macular degeneration
blindness, legally blind, loses central vision, still has peripheral vision, difficultly distinguishing faces
what causes macular degeneration
diabetes, hypertension, smoking, medication, long use of pesticides
periorbial edema
congestive heart failure
hordeolum
stye
inflammation of gland
blepharitis
infection of hair follicle
ptosis
drooping of eyeling
ptosis is caused by
cranial nerve
bells palsey
stroke
exophtalmos
protrude
thyroid condition
conjuctiva color
clear
pink eye
inflammation of conjunctiva
very contagious
viral/bacterial
sclera color
white, regardless of genetic background
where would liver cirrhosis be vissible
sclera
dacryocytisis
inflammation around lacrimal sac/infection
RED FLAG
unequal pupils
can mean neurologic event/condition
anisocria
5%, one pupil smaller than other, born this way, react together
fixed and dilated
large pupils, apply stimuli and no change,
coma, major trauma, induced coma
constricted and fixed
small pupils, apply stimuli and no change
pupillary light reflex
direct and consensual
direct
look at eye with light
consensual
look at other eye with the light not in it
comparing the 2 eyes
what happens on one eye should happen in the other
4 steps of pupillary light relfex
light in R eye
- direct
- consensual
light in L eye
- direct
- consensual
where do we start for direct relex
on side of face
things that constrict the eyes
narcotics
alcohol
heroin
moprhine
truama
neurologic event
things that dilate the eyes
illegal drugs
- coccaine, weed, amphametapines
trauma/head injury
atropine
what is atropine
used to dilate pupils at eye doctor
atropine inhibits pupils ability to
accomadate
why do we get a eye change with a stroke
lack of blood flow
accomodation
look at distance, relaxes eye and dilates
focus close constriction
accomadation tests
constriction
what CN are responsible for constriction
3,4
Jaeger chart
near distance
numurator on snellen chart
distance from chart, 20ft, same number
denominator on snellen chart
distance a normal eye could read
20/50 good or bad
bad
20/15 good or bad
good
when doing the snellen chart make sure pt has
contacts/glassess
denominator larger, good or bad
bad
denominator smaller, good or bad
good
red reflex
reflection of the light from opthalmoscope off inner retina
what color would red reflex be on light iris
red
what color would red relex be on dark iris
orange
normal iris
flat, round, evenly colored
pupils
equal L and R, 3-5mm
myopia
nearsighted, deeper oval eye/ need (-) diopter
hyperopia
farsighted, shorter globe/ need + diopter
dilated non reactive
increased intracranial pressure
