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Year 4 Ophthalmology > Eyelid disorders > Flashcards

Eyelid disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Eye lid disorders

A 
Blepharitis 
Syle
Chalazion 
Entropion 
Ectropion
Trichiasis 
Periorbital cellulitis 
Orbital cellulitis
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2
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid margins

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3
Q

Presentation of blepharitis

A

Gritty, itchy, dry sensation in the eyes

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4
Q

What is blepharitis associated with

A

Dysfunctional meibomian glands

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5
Q

Management of blepharitis

A

Hot compresses

Gentle cleaning of the eyelid margins - remove debris using cotton wool dipped in sterilised water and baby shampoo

Lubricating eye drops

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6
Q

Lubricating eye drops

A

Hypromellose - least viscous, lasts around 10 minutes

Polyvinyl alcohol - middle viscous, worth starting with these

Carbomer - most viscous and lasts 30 – 60 minutes

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7
Q

Stye

A

Hordeolum externum - an infection of the glands of Zeis or glands of Moll

Causes a tender red lump along the eyelid that may contain pus

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8
Q

Hordeolum internum

A

Infection of the Meibomian glands

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9
Q

Treatment of styes

A

Hot compresses and analgesia

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10
Q

When to consider topical abx for styes

A

If associated with conjunctivitis or persistent

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11
Q

Chalazion pathophysiology

A

When a Meibomian gland becomes blocked and swells up

Swelling in the lower eyelid that is typically not tender but can be tender and red

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12
Q

Treatment of chalazion

A

Hot compress and analgesia

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13
Q

When to consider topical abx for chalazions

A

If acutely inflamed

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14
Q

If conservative management fails to resolve a chalazion

A

Surgical drainage

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15
Q

How long can chalazions last for

A

3 -6 months

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16
Q

Entropion

A

Eyelid turns inwards with the lashes against the eyeball

17
Q

Presentation of entropion

A

Pain

Can result in corneal damage and ulceration

18
Q

Management of entropion

A

Initial management - taping the eyelid down to prevent it turning inwards

Definitive management - surgical intervention.

When the eyelid is taped down, use lubricating eyed drops to prevent the eye drying out

A same-day referral to ophthalmology is required if there is a risk to sight.

19
Q

Ectropion

A

Ectropion is where the eyelid turns outwards with the inner aspect of the eyelid exposed. It usually affects the bottom lid

20
Q

Complication of ectropion

A

Exposure keratopathy

21
Q

Management of ectropion

A

Regular lubricating eye drops

More significant cases - surgery to correct the defect

A same-day referral to ophthalmology is required if there is a risk to sight.

22
Q

Trichiasis

A

Inward growth of the eyelashes

23
Q

Presentation of trichiasis

A

Pain and can cause corneal damage or ulceration

24
Q

Management of trichiasis

A

Specialist - remove the eyelash (epilation).

Recurrent cases may require electrolysis, cryotherapy or laser treatment to prevent the lash regrowing.

A same day referral to ophthalmology is required if there is a risk to sight.

25
Q

Periorbital Cellulitis

A

Eyelid and skin infection in front of the orbital septum

26
Q

Presentation of periorbital cellulitis

A

Swelling
Redness
Hot skin around the eyelids and eye

27
Q

Orbital cellulitis

A

Infection around the eyeball that involves the tissues behind the orbital septum

Sight and life threatening emergency.

28
Q

Investigations for periorbital cellulitis

A

CT scan - distinguish between periorbital and orbital cellulitis

29
Q

Treatment of periorbital cellulitis

A

Systemic antibiotics (oral or IV).

30
Q

Complication of periorbital cellulitis

A

Can develop into orbital cellulitis

Vulnerable patients (e.g. children) or severe cases may require admission for observation while they are treated

31
Q

Presentation of orbital cellulitis

A

Pain on eye movement

Reduced eye movements

Changes in vision

Abnormal pupil reactions

Forward movement of the eyeball (proptosis)

32
Q

Treatment of orbital cellulitis

A

Medical emergency that requires admission and IV antibiotics.

They may require surgical drainage if an abscess forms

Year 4 Ophthalmology (27 decks)

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