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Foundations II Exam 1 > Eye Movements/Cataracts > Flashcards

Eye Movements/Cataracts Flashcards

1
Q

On exam, what would reveal late stages of Cataracts?

A
  • No red light reflex present
  • Lens is completely cloudy and cannot visualize retina
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2
Q
  • Gradual, chronic, painless loss of vision
  • Glare (especially at night)
A

Sxs of Cataracts

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of amblyopia?

A
  1. Strabismic
  2. Anisometropic or refractive
  3. Deprivational (congenital cataracts, ptosis, blocked visual axis)
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4
Q

What are the 3 main types of strabismus?

A
  • Esotropia (crossing)
  • Exotropia (wandering)
  • Hypertropia (vertical misalignments)
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5
Q

Your role is to recognize misaalignment (strabismus) and refer to ophtho promptly to avoid risk of what developing?

A

Amblyopia

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6
Q

Cover/Uncover/Alternate cover testing:

“always deviated”

What is this called? What test should you do?

A

Tropia, use cover/uncover test

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7
Q
  • Reduction in visual acuity of one or both eyes
  • Caused by disuse or misuse during critical period of visual development
A

Amblyopia

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8
Q

Is strabismus intermittent or constant?

A

Either

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9
Q
  • Explain surgical tx and prognosis of cataracts
  • What is another temporary tx for cataracts?
A
  • Cataract extraction surgery (lens removed and almost always replaced w/ intraocular lens)
  • Excellent prognosis
  • Prescription glasses (for temporary tx)
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10
Q

Cover/Uncover/Alternate cover testing

“sometimes deviated”

What is this? What test should you do?

A

Phoria, use cross cover (alternate) cover testing because it “breaks the fusion”

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11
Q

Disturbs binocular vision and increases risk of developing amblyopia

A

A complication of strabismus

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12
Q

What are the 3 less common forms of strabismus?

A
  • Oblique muscle palsies
  • Duane’s syndrome
  • Brown syndrome
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13
Q
    • family hx
  • Low birth weight (prematurity)
  • Neuro complications (CP)
  • Poor vision

Risk factors for what condition?

A

Strabismus

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14
Q

What is the prevalence of strabismus?

A

Affects 4% of population. So about 1 child in each classroom.

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15
Q
  • Congenital
  • Intoxication
  • Metabolic derangements
  • Infections
  • Tumors
A

Possible causes of nystagmus

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16
Q
  • Opacity to natural lens of eye
  • Often bilateral
  • Severity varies
A

Cataracts

17
Q

Does nystagmus cause decreases in visual acuity?

A

Sometimes, not always

18
Q
  • Decreased visual acuity
  • Decreased color vision
  • Opalescent changes to lens
  • Abnormal or absent red light reflex
A

Signs of Cataracts

19
Q

Rhythmic regular oscillation of eyes

A

Nystagmus

20
Q
A
21
Q
  • Under what circumstances would you refer a person w/ cataracts to ophtho?
A

If lifestyle is affected

22
Q

Alternating phases of slow drift in one direction w/ corrective quick movement in opposite direction.

A

Jerk nystagmus

23
Q
  • Tx depends on underlying cause (managed by ophtho/neuro
  • Meds (baclofen, gabapentin)
  • Botox
  • Prism lenses
  • Surgery (Kestenbaum muscle surgery)
  • Or, no tx required
A

Tx for nystagmus

24
Q

During what ages does visual development occur?

A

Birth –> 6/8 yrs old

25
Q
  • High dose inhaled steroids
  • Sun exposure
  • Cigarette smoking

Are risk factors for what?

A

Cataracts

26
Q
  • Age related
  • Senile is most common type
  • Congenital
  • Traumatic
  • Medication related
A

Etiology of Cataracts

27
Q

3 tx for strabismus (by an ophthalmologist)

A
  1. Prescription eye glasses
  2. Therapeutic eye patching (forces them to use bad eye)
  3. Eye muscle surgery
28
Q

What 5 things should be included on examination for strabismus?

A
  1. Vision
  2. EOM’s
  3. Corneal light reflex
  4. Cover/Uncover test
  5. Alternate cover test
29
Q

Slow, sinusoidul oscillations to and fro

A

Pendular nystagmus

30
Q

What is the most common type of nystagmus?

A

Jerk nystagmus

31
Q

Anomaly in alignment of eyes

A

Strabismus

Foundations II Exam 1 (25 decks)

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