Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Foundations II Exam 1 > Ears 1 > Flashcards

Ears 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tx for AOM w/ perforated TM

A

Amoxicillin (oral), plus topical abx with low ototoxicity such as ofloxacin or fluoroquinolone and analgesics (pain killers)
–DO NOT USE aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • Spiking fevers
  • Postauricular pain
  • Postauricular erythema
A

Mastoiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sensorineural loss:

where does sound lateralize to w/ Weber test?

A

AC > BC

-to good ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The 3 urgent FB of the ear

A
  • button batteries
  • live insects
  • penetrating FB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5 complications of AOM

A
  • Labyrinthitis
  • Hearing loss
  • Mastoiditis
  • Non-responsive to meds
  • Recurrent infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How soon should AOM improve after starting tx with abx?

A

2 - 3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PE findings w/ AOM

A
  • Immobile TM
  • Erythema
  • Bulging
  • can possibly be ruptured
  • Retracted
  • Bullae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteomyelitis of temporal bone/skull base, tx?

A

Malignant otitis externa (necrotizing otitis externa) = FATAL, give IV abx (quinolones) for a few months or surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • family hx
  • daycare
  • lack of breastfeeding
  • 2nd hand smoke/air pollution
  • pacifier use
A

risk factors of AOM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1st line tx for AOM

A

high dose Amoxicillin (80 to 90 mg/kg/day twice daily)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Foul smelling discharge
  • Granulations in ear canal
  • Deep otalgia
  • CN palsies
  • HA
A

Malignant OE (necrotizing otitis externa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ototoxicity is associated with which med?

A

Aminoglycosides (topical ear drop)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Conductive hearing loss, with the Rinne test is AC or BC greater with the good ear?

A

AC > BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Decreased hearing
  • Otalgia
  • Drainage
  • Chronic cough/hiccups
A

Foreign body in ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is more common w/ bacterial infections of otitis externa

A

Purulent discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2nd line tx for AOM

A

high dose Amoxicillin-clavulanate or 2nd/3rd generation cephalosporin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Epidemiology of AOM. Which age group is most common? Which seasons most common?

A

4 to 24 months old

-fall and winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What causes AOM?

A

Bacterial infection of middle ear, usually preceeded by URI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What rare ear condition would we tx with antivirals instead of abx?

A

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (Herpes Zoster Oticus), vesicles on outer ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 differential diagnosis for OE

A
  • Middle ear disease
  • Contact dermatitis
  • Psoriasis
  • Chronic Suppurative OM
  • Squamous cell carcinoma of external canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 main complications of OE

A
  • Periauricular cellulitis
  • Contact dermatitis
  • Malignant otitis externa (necrotizing otitis externa)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tx for otitis externa if TM is intact

A

Topical ear drops (aminoglycosides or fluoroquinolone with or without corticosteroids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is more common w/ fungal infections of otitis externa

A

Pruritis and black discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which ear conditions need referral to ENT?

A
  • persistent otitis externa

- immunocompromised/DM patients

25
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common bacteria which cause AOM?
1. -Strep pneumoniae 2. -Haemophilus influenza 3. -Moraxella catarrhalis
26
3 reasons poor drainage of eustachian tubes?
- age - inflammation/edema - congenital malformation
27
- Otalgia - Pruritis - Purulent discharge - hearing loss - fullness - hx water exposure or trauma
Otitis externa
28
Abnormal Rinne test
BC > AC
29
Cauliflower ear from hematoma not being drained will lead to the ear being disfigured. What else is impacted?
Hearing
30
Why does bacteria build up with AOM?
Obstructed eustachian tube, so fluid/mucous accumulate and get secondarily infected
31
3 etiologies of otitis externa. Which is most common?
- Allergic - Dermatologic condition (psoriasis) - Infection (Pseudomonas (38%) * Gram - rod
32
When would immediate abx for AOM be appropriate?
- - < 6 months | - -or children < 24 months if sxs are severe (moderate - severe pain, pain over 48 hours, temp 102.2F, bilateral AOM)
33
Most common neoplasm of ear canal (cancer), it mimics chronic infection
Squamous cell carcinoma of external canal
34
Pathophysiology of most cerumen impaction
Self induced (Q-tips)
35
3 treatments for cerumen impaction
- Detergent ear drops - Mechanical removal (curet) - Irrigation w/ body temp water and TM intact, then dry it
36
Tx for otitis externa if TM is not intact or if pt has ear tubes
Fluoroquinolone
37
How would you remove an organic FB from ear? (beans, peas, insects)
DO NOT irrigate (it will expand) | -Use lidocaine to paralyze insect
38
Conductive loss: | where does sound lateralize to w/ Weber test?
BC > AC | -to bad ear
39
How do you tell if you're looking at a right or left TM?
Cone of light points anteriorly
40
How many days do you tx otitis externa with meds?
7 - 10 days
41
Inflammation of semicircular canals
Labyrinthitis
42
Tx for recurrent infections of AOM
Tympanostomy tubes or (PE-pressure equalizing tubes)
43
Who is at higher risk for developing malignant otitis externa from an OE?
- DM patients | - immunocompromised
44
- Occlusive devices - trauma - debris from psoriasis - swimming - warm/humid climates
Risk factors for otitis externa
45
Normal Rinne test
AC > BC
46
Recurrent cases of AOM are associated with which 2 things?
- allergies | - 2nd hand smoke
47
What types of FB are removed with loop, hook, or irrigation
Firm objects (not organic)
48
How do you prevent AOM?
-Vaccinations
49
Tx for mastoiditis
IV abx or mastoidectomy
50
Associated w/ mycoplasma infection
Bullae
51
5 differential diagnosis of AOM
- OM w/ effusion - OE - ETD (eustachian tube dysfunction) - Herpes Zoster - Head/neck infection
52
Associated w/ wrestlers
Traumatic auricular hematoma (can lead to cauliflower ear if not drained)
53
- Otalgia - Pressure - fever - URI sxs
Clinical presentation of AOM
54
How is Malignant OE diagnosed?
CT scan showing osseous erosion
55
PE findings w/ otitis externa
- erythema and edema of ear canal skin - purulent drainage - tenderness w/ tragal or auricle manipulation - red TM (maybe) - TM is mobile w/ pneumatic otoscopy - TM may not be visible due to edema of canal
56
Which ear conditions need oral abx?
- Severe OM w/ cellulitis of periauricular tissue | - Recalcitrant cases
57
When would observation be appropriate for AOM?
Observe for 48 to 72 hours in children --6 mo - 2 yrs w/ unilateral and mild sxs --2 yrs or older w/ unilateral or bilateral if not severe
58
What tx option is used if there is too much swelling of the canal restricting drops from entering ear?
Ear wick, keeps canal open. Is replaced every day or 2
59
- Hearing loss - Fullness - Itchiness - Reflex cough - Dizziness - Tinnitus
Cerumen impaction

Foundations II Exam 1 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions