Eye Issues and Surgical Procedures

Question 1

What is strabismus?

Answer 1

where eye is out of alignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance

Question 2

How does surgical procedures change the rectus muscles to improve the alignmenmt of the eyes?

Answer 2

weakening or strengthening the rectus muscles

Question 3

What are the 3 surgeries called that weaken the extraoculaur muscle?

Answer 3

Recession
Transverse Margin Myotomy
Complete Tenotomy

Question 4

What is the surgery called that strengthen the extraoculaur muscle?

Answer 4

Resection

Question 5

How does the recession surgery (to weaken EOM) work? 2

Answer 5

-The muscle is removed from its original
insertion and repositioned farther back on the sclera.
-This loosens the grip the muscle has
on the globe.

Question 6

How does the Transverse Margin Myotomy surgery (to weaken EOM) work? 2

Answer 6

-Overlapping cuts are made on each side
of the muscle to lengthen it.
-No change is made in the insertion.

Question 7

How does the Complete Tenotomy surgery (to weaken EOM) work? 2

Answer 7

-The muscle or tendon is severed completely and allowed to retract.
-Rare, but needed on occasion.

Question 8

How does the Resection surgery (to strengthen EOM) work? 2

Answer 8

-section of the muscle is removed from its insertion and the muscle is reattached to its original position.
-A resection shortens a muscle thereby increasing its
effective tension and pull.

Question 9

What does the advancement to the resection surgerical procedure do? 2

Answer 9

-the muscle is
repositioned ahead of, or anterior to, its original insertion.
-increases the arc of contact of the muscle with the globe, thereby enhancing its effective pull

Question 10

What is phacoemulsification?

Answer 10

a surgery used
to restore vision in people with cataracts

Question 11

How does phacoemulsification work? 3 steps

Answer 11

1) breaking up the lens using ultrasonic waves which
2) then removed from the eye with a vacuum.
3) then replaced with an
artificial lens.

Question 12

What kind of laser is used during laser cataract surgery?

Answer 12

A Femtosecond Laser

Question 13

Laser Cataract Surgery has shown
excellent results for accurate selfsealing corneal incisions. TRUE/FALSE

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

What is a surgery for presbyopia?

Answer 14

Scleral Procedures
-scleral implants
-scleral expansion bands

Question 15

How successful are the scleral procedures? 2

Answer 15

-scleral implants have had limited success.
-Scleral expansion bands have been neither long-lasting
nor predictable.

Question 16

The LaserACE is a newer procedure and uses a laser to
ablate at a depth of 50% of the sclera in testing TRUE/FALSE

Answer 16

FALSE - 90% depth

Question 17

PresbyLASKIK -corneal surgical options- what are the two main approaches?

Answer 17

-Central presbyLASIK (creates a bifocal)
-Peripheral presbyLASIK (increasing the range of pseudoaccommodation)

Question 18

What is the 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of PresbyLASKIK?

Answer 18

-Disadvantage is higher-order aberrations are responsible for
decreasing the quality of vision.
-Advantage is they can increase the depth of focus to enhance near
vision.

Question 19

What must a corneal inlay do/be?

Answer 19

-thin
-small diameter
-provide adequate nutritional
-fluid permeability

Question 20

How are corneal inlays inserted?

Answer 20

-inserted relatively deep in the cornea under a flap or in a
pocket

Question 21

What does a corneal inlay do?

Answer 21

changes the refractive index of the cornea in multiple ways to focus distance and near

Question 22

How does the Intrastromal femtosecond laser treatment (INTRACOR procedure) work?

Answer 22

-uses the femtosecond laser to create
five concentric rings within the stroma to induce central
corneal steepening in the correction of presbyopia

Question 23

What are the 2 advantages to INTRACOR?

Answer 23

-no incisions in the epithelium or Bowman’s layer
-Takes approximately 15 to 20 seconds and starts in the center
with a ring diameter of 1.8 mm with subsequent rings moving toward the periphery

Question 24

What are the 2 disadvantages to INTRACOR?

Answer 24

-Significant side effects and can’t be reversible
-Loss of best-corrected distance visual acuity

Question 25

How does monovision corneal surgery use?

Answer 25

-dominate eye for distance
-non-dominate eye for near

Question 26

What are the disadvantages to monovision corneal surgery? 5

Answer 26

-Limitations if more than 1.50D
-loss of fusion as a result of anisometropia between the two eyes
-poor intermediate vision
-reduced binocular contrast sensitivity
-reduced stereoacuity

Question 27

what is laser blended vision?

Answer 27

Combines elements of monovision with increasing the depth of field

Question 28

How is the depth of field increased in laser blended vision?

Answer 28

increasing spherical aberration

Question 29

What is the technique used in laser blended vision?

Answer 29

Micromonovision technique that is performed monocularly.

Question 30

What are the two parts that make up an IOL?

Answer 30

-Optics - optical portion,
-Haptic - holding the IOL in place

Question 31

How does a multifocal IOLs work?

Answer 31

defractive zones or microscopic steps across lens surface

Question 32

What are two types of multifocal IOLs?

Answer 32

Apodized
Nonapodized

Question 33

Apodized Defractive Multifocal IOLS In theory, this design allows enhanced
distance vision in low-light situations T/F

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

When reffering to Apodized Defractive Multifocal IOLS is it designed
Defractive optic zone centrally and a
refractive peripheral zone
T/F

Answer 34

True

Question 35

With a nonapodized defractive multifocal IOLS it results in an equal amount of light to
near and distance foci for all pupil diameters
TRUE/FALSE

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

Review complications of cataract surgery in powerpoint