Age Related Diseases Causing Vision Loss

Question 1

What are the 5 types of cataracts?

Answer 1

1- Nuclear Cataract (sclerosis/brunescent)
2-Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts
3- Cortical Cataracts
4-Traumatic Cataract
5-After-cataract (secondary cataract)

Question 2

Characteristics of nuclear sclerosis.(normal) 3

Answer 2

-occurs with aging
-increasing hardness/ denisty at the center of lens
-results in increased myopia (second sight)

Question 3

What does diagnosis mean?

Answer 3

Identify what is the disease

Question 4

What does prognosis mean?

Answer 4

outcome of a disease

Question 5

What is nuclear sclerosis - brunescent?

Answer 5

-occurs in elderly as an advanced stage of nuclear sclerosis
-brunescent is brown in appearance

Question 6

What is Opacities?

Answer 6

Proteins and fibers in the lens begin to
break down, causing vision to become
hazy or cloudy.

Question 7

How is cortical cataracts diagnosed? 3

Answer 7

-radially (spokes) arranged opacities in lens cortex
-opacities follow lens fiber swelling and fragmentation
-form of a senile cataract

Question 8

Where is a posterior subcapsular cataracts found?

Answer 8

-located rear surface of the lens

Question 9

Who does a posterior subcapsular cataract occur in? 3

Answer 9

-elderly as type of senile cat
-at any age after chronic intraocular inflammation (uveitis)
-prolonged steroid drug use

Question 10

Characteristics of traumatic cataract.3

Answer 10

-caused by injury to eyeball
-can happen at any age
-penetration of the lens capsule results in total opacity within hours

Question 11

How does the cortical cataract grow? 2

Answer 11

-starts on the edge and goes to the center
-radial/spoke pattern

Question 12

What is a secondary cat / after-cat? 2

Answer 12

-remnants of an opaque lens remaining in the eye
-opacities forming after extracapsular cat removal.

Question 13

What kind of surgery is the prognosis for the 5 types of cataracts?

Answer 13

Cataract Surgery

Question 14

What are the two stages of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 14

-Early non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
-Proliferative retinopathy

Question 15

During early non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy what symptoms are expected? 3

Answer 15

-Aneurysm
-Hard Exudate
-Hemorrhage

Question 16

During proliferative diabetic retinopathy how do we diagnose? 3

Answer 16

-cotton-wool spots
-irregular dilation of retinal veins
-growth of abnormal blood vessels

Question 17

What does proliferative mean?

Answer 17

growing and increasing in number rapidly

Question 18

What is the prognosis for diabetic retinopathy (depends on the stage of the disease) ? 2

Answer 18

-argon lasers
-vitrectomy

Question 19

What 3 things must occur for a retinal detachment to happen?

Answer 19

-the presence of a retinal hole or
tear
-liquefied vitreous
-traction

Question 20

Retinal detachment is usually rhegmatogenous (retinal
tear-induced). True/False

Answer 20

True

Question 21

what can cause traction during retinal detachment? 2

Answer 21

-secondary to minor trauma
-eye movement

Question 22

If caught early what is the prognosis of a retinal detachment?

Answer 22

Laser or cryotherapy

Question 23

AMD is the leading cause of sever central vision loss in people older than 50 years in developed nations. True/False

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is the prognosis of Nonexudative (Atrophic) Dry AMD? 2

Answer 24

-central vision will slowly decrease.
-There is no treatment available ATM

Question 25

Characteristics of primary Open-Angle or Chronic Glaucoma that is used to diagnose? 3

Answer 25

-Gradual blockage of drainage channel
-Pressure builds slowly
-Gradual loss of side vision

Question 26

What is the diagnosis of secondary glaucoma? 2

Answer 26

-Scar tissue growth blocks the
drainage channel
-progresses slowly like chronic open-angle glaucoma

Question 27

What can cause secondary glaucoma? 5

Answer 27

-Injury
-Infection
-Tumors
-Drugs
-Inflammation

Question 28

What is the prognosis for Primary Open-Angle Chronic Glaucoma or Secondary Glaucoma? 1

Answer 28

-gradual loss of peripherial vision
if treatment does not start quickly enough.

Question 29

Characteristics of primary angle-closure glaucoma that help diagnose? 2

Answer 29

-Total blockage of drainage
channel which leads to a sudden
increase in pressure
-A medical emergency because
permanent blindness occurs
rapidly without immediate
treatment

Question 30

What symptoms may a px experience with Angle-closure glaucoma? 4

Answer 30

-Nausea,
-blurred vision
-severe pain
-halos around lights

Question 31

What is the prognosis of primary angle-closure glaucoma?

Answer 31

-permanent blindness which occurs rapidly without immediate treatment.

Question 32

What percentage of pxs with advanced atropic AMD (dry) progress to exudative AMD (wet) ?

Answer 32

43%