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Micribio > eye infections > Flashcards

eye infections Flashcards

1
Q

most common normal flora in eye

A

coagulase-negative staphylocci, S. aureus, and stretococci species

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2
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctival tissue

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3
Q

causes of conjunctivitis

A

chemical irritants, allergies, bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi

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4
Q

primary cause of conjunctivitis

A

virus

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5
Q

least common cause of conjunctivitis

A

fungi/parasites

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6
Q

clinical presentation of conjunctivitis

A

itching, burning, red eyes, discharge - NO pain or vision impairment

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7
Q

follicles

A

small clusters of lymphocytes, common in viral and chlamydial conjunctivitis

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8
Q

papilae

A

small, flat-top nodules; common in bacterial and allergic conjunctivits

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9
Q

acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

mucopurulent - classic conjunctivitis - staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella

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10
Q

hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

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11
Q

chronic bacterial conjunctivitis

A

staphylococcus aureus

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12
Q

trachoma

A

chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A, B, Ba, C

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13
Q

adult inclusion conjunctivitis etiology

A

chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K

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14
Q

newborn/neonatal conjunctivitis

A

chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K (most common), neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV-1 and 2 (viruses)

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15
Q

gram positive acute bacterial conjunctivitis common in kids

A

S. pneumoniae

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16
Q

gram negative acute bacterial conjunctivitis in kids

A

H. influenzae

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17
Q

conjunctivitis associated with systemic infections (upper respiratory infections and otitis media)

A

H. influenza conjunctivitis

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18
Q

common agent of adult acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

s. aureus

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19
Q

clinical manifestations of acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

rapid onset, redness, mucopurulent discharge, starts unilateral, spreads to other eye within 1-2 days

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20
Q

treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

often self-limiting, discontinue contact lens wear, discard lens case and contacts, antibiotics may shorten the clinical course, keep children out of group setting until symptoms have resolved/ 24 + hours after antibiotic treatment

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21
Q

clinical manifestation of chronic bacterial conjunctivitis

A

diffuse hyperemia, conjunctival thickening, minimal mucopurulent discharge, loss of lashes and hordeola, papillae or follicles may be present - lasts more than 3 - 4 weeks

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22
Q

chronic bacterial conjunctivitis treatment

A

antimicrobial therapy, eyelid hygiene, warm compress

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23
Q

elementary body

A

infectious, non-replicating stage of trachoma

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24
Q

reticulate body

A

non-infectious, replicating stage of trachoma

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25
Q

leading cause of infectious blindness

A

trachoma

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26
Q

active trachoma clinical manifestations

A

begins as follicular conjunctivitis, can also be asymptomatic, self-limiting

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27
Q

cicatricial disease clinical manifestations

A

repeated episodes of infection can lead to inflammation and scarring, lead to ingrown eyelashes

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28
Q

hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis etiology

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) - gram-negative diplococci, coffee bean shaped

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29
Q

transmission of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

sexual then hand to eye (or vertical perinatal for neonates)

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30
Q

clinical manifestation of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates

A

first 24 hours - 5 days after birth. bilateral purulent conjunctival discharge, perfuse exudate and eyelid swelling

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31
Q

clinical manifestation of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis in adolescents/adults

A

rapidly progressing, thick purulent discharge, eyelid edema, preauricular adenopathy, concurrent urethritis

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32
Q

complications of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

corneal ulceration and perforation

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33
Q

diagnosing hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

gram stain with gram-negative diplococci within neutrophils (always found with another cell), or culture on special media

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34
Q

treatment of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

hospitalization, antimicrobial therapy, saline irrigation

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35
Q

chronic bacterial conjunctivitis etiology

A

S. aureus

36
Q

chronic bacterial conjunctivitis treatment

A

eyelid hygiene; warm compress

37
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

obligate intracellular pathogen, gram-negative

38
Q

trachoma transmission

A

direct contact with eye, nose, and throat secretions from infected individuals; contaminated fomites; flies

39
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serotype D-K trasmission

A

genital to hand to eye/ usually concurrent urogenital infection

40
Q

adult inclusion conjunctivitis diagnosis

A

follicular conjunctivitis that has not responded to antibacterial therapy AND/OR corneal scraping with presence of INCLUSION BODIES with giemsa, fluorescent antibody stain or PCR

41
Q

opthalmia neonatorum of C. trachomatis

A

first 5-14 days after birth, unilateral or bilateral, mucopurulent discharge, oral antimicrobial therapy

42
Q

opthalmia neonatorum of N. gonorrhoeae

A

first 1-5 days, bilateral, purulent discharge, systemic antimicrobial therapy and saline irrigation

43
Q

purulent discharge

A

pus and matter (like crusty)

44
Q

mucopurulent

A

pus and mucus (slimy)

45
Q

opthalmia neonatorum of Herpes virus 1 and 2

A

occurs within 14 days - 6 wks after birth; signs of skin, eye, and mouth disease, antiviral treatment

46
Q

Skin, eye, and mouth disease

A

herpes virus; clustered vesicular lesions (skin), watery eyes with erythema and pain, and ulcerative lesions of mouth and tounge

47
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis diagnosis

A

not visible by gram stain, PRESENCE OF INCLUSION BODIES with giemsa, flourescent antibody stain or PCR

48
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae diagnosis

A

gram-negative diplococci from discharge (in or outside of PMNs)

49
Q

most common viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

50
Q

Adenovirus (structure)

A

double-stranded DNA, non-enveloped, highly contagious

51
Q

viral conjunctivitis clinical manifestations

A

unilateral conjunctivitis (2nd eye involved within 1 week), watery/serous discharge, burning or gritty feeling in one eye, preauricular adenopathy, may precede a respiratory tract infection

52
Q

pharyngoconjunctival fever

A

adenovirus serotypes 3,7. associated with children and summer, follicles present, watery eye discharge, low grade fever, pharyngitis, self-limiting

53
Q

epidemic keratoconjunctivits

A

adenovirus serotypes 8, 19, 37, highly contagious, “shipyard eye”, follicles and papillae present, photophobia, gritty feelin in eyes, prescribe glucocorticoids to prevent progression to keratitis

54
Q

Retinitis clinical manifestations

A

floaters, light flashes, blind spots, blurred vision, obstructed areas of vision, sudden decrease of vision

55
Q

Retinitis bacterial etiology

A

treponema pallidum (spirochete), rickettsia rickettsia (gram negative coccobacilli - obligate intracellular organism)

56
Q

retinitis virus etiology

A

cytomegalovirus

57
Q

retinitis fungi etiology

A

candida albicans

58
Q

retinitis parasite etiology

A

toxoplasma gondii

59
Q

keratitis bacterial etiology

A

s. aureus, streptococci, p. aeruginosa, haemophilus influenza, moraxella, enterobacteriaacea

60
Q

keratits virus etiology

A

herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, HSV-1, and adenovirus

61
Q

most common cause of keratits

A

HSV-1

62
Q

location of primary infection of HSV

A

HSV viral latency in trigeminal ganglia

63
Q

location of primary infection of VZV

A

Varicella zoster virus latency in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

64
Q

adult herpes keratitis clinical manifestation

A

acute onset, eye pain, tearing, blurred and decreased vision

65
Q

neonate herpes keratitis clinical manifestation

A

excessive watering, crying due to eye pain, conjunctival erythema

66
Q

general keratitis symptoms

A

eye pain, tearing, photophobia, and decreased vision

67
Q

keratitis treatment

A

acyclovir (antiviral) for viral etiology

68
Q

TORCH

A

Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus

69
Q

common cause of blindness in AIDS patients

A

Cytomegalovirus

70
Q

common cause of blindness in AIDS patients

A

Cytomegalovirus

71
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

protozoa, common in immunocompromised

72
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

spirochete - lipoproteins that mediate inflammation, diagnosed using darkfield microscopy
(Syphillus)

73
Q

rickettsia rickettsia

A

gram negative cocobacilli - athropod bite (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)

74
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

acid-fast bacillus - airborne

75
Q

Bartonella henselae

A

gram-negative bacillus - exposure to cats

76
Q

HSV-1/2

A

double stranded enveloped virus

77
Q

Zika and west nile virus

A

ssRNA enveloped viruses

78
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

A

nematode - black fly bite

79
Q

anterior uveitis clinical manifestations

A

pain and redness, may experience vision loss

80
Q

posterior uveitis clinical manifestations

A

painless, floaters or loss of VA

81
Q

S. aureus

A

gram positive cocci

82
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

gram positive cocci

83
Q

P. aeruginosa

A

gram negative rods

84
Q

Haemophilus influenza

A

gram negative coccobacilli

85
Q

Moraxella species

A

gram negative diplococci

86
Q

Enterobacteriaaceae

A

gram negative unknown

Micribio (11 decks)

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