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eye infections Flashcards

1
Q

most common normal flora in eye

A

coagulase-negative staphylocci, S. aureus, and stretococci species

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2
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctival tissue

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3
Q

causes of conjunctivitis

A

chemical irritants, allergies, bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi

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4
Q

primary cause of conjunctivitis

A

virus

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5
Q

least common cause of conjunctivitis

A

fungi/parasites

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6
Q

clinical presentation of conjunctivitis

A

itching, burning, red eyes, discharge - NO pain or vision impairment

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7
Q

follicles

A

small clusters of lymphocytes, common in viral and chlamydial conjunctivitis

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8
Q

papilae

A

small, flat-top nodules; common in bacterial and allergic conjunctivits

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9
Q

acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

mucopurulent - classic conjunctivitis - staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella

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10
Q

hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

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11
Q

chronic bacterial conjunctivitis

A

staphylococcus aureus

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12
Q

trachoma

A

chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A, B, Ba, C

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13
Q

adult inclusion conjunctivitis etiology

A

chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K

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14
Q

newborn/neonatal conjunctivitis

A

chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K (most common), neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV-1 and 2 (viruses)

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15
Q

gram positive acute bacterial conjunctivitis common in kids

A

S. pneumoniae

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16
Q

gram negative acute bacterial conjunctivitis in kids

A

H. influenzae

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17
Q

conjunctivitis associated with systemic infections (upper respiratory infections and otitis media)

A

H. influenza conjunctivitis

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18
Q

common agent of adult acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

s. aureus

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19
Q

clinical manifestations of acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

rapid onset, redness, mucopurulent discharge, starts unilateral, spreads to other eye within 1-2 days

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20
Q

treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

often self-limiting, discontinue contact lens wear, discard lens case and contacts, antibiotics may shorten the clinical course, keep children out of group setting until symptoms have resolved/ 24 + hours after antibiotic treatment

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21
Q

clinical manifestation of chronic bacterial conjunctivitis

A

diffuse hyperemia, conjunctival thickening, minimal mucopurulent discharge, loss of lashes and hordeola, papillae or follicles may be present - lasts more than 3 - 4 weeks

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22
Q

chronic bacterial conjunctivitis treatment

A

antimicrobial therapy, eyelid hygiene, warm compress

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23
Q

elementary body

A

infectious, non-replicating stage of trachoma

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24
Q

reticulate body

A

non-infectious, replicating stage of trachoma

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25
leading cause of infectious blindness
trachoma
26
active trachoma clinical manifestations
begins as follicular conjunctivitis, can also be asymptomatic, self-limiting
27
cicatricial disease clinical manifestations
repeated episodes of infection can lead to inflammation and scarring, lead to ingrown eyelashes
28
hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis etiology
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) - gram-negative diplococci, coffee bean shaped
29
transmission of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis
sexual then hand to eye (or vertical perinatal for neonates)
30
clinical manifestation of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates
first 24 hours - 5 days after birth. bilateral purulent conjunctival discharge, perfuse exudate and eyelid swelling
31
clinical manifestation of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis in adolescents/adults
rapidly progressing, thick purulent discharge, eyelid edema, preauricular adenopathy, concurrent urethritis
32
complications of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis
corneal ulceration and perforation
33
diagnosing hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis
gram stain with gram-negative diplococci within neutrophils (always found with another cell), or culture on special media
34
treatment of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis
hospitalization, antimicrobial therapy, saline irrigation
35
chronic bacterial conjunctivitis etiology
S. aureus
36
chronic bacterial conjunctivitis treatment
eyelid hygiene; warm compress
37
Chlamydia trachomatis
obligate intracellular pathogen, gram-negative
38
trachoma transmission
direct contact with eye, nose, and throat secretions from infected individuals; contaminated fomites; flies
39
Chlamydia trachomatis serotype D-K trasmission
genital to hand to eye/ usually concurrent urogenital infection
40
adult inclusion conjunctivitis diagnosis
follicular conjunctivitis that has not responded to antibacterial therapy AND/OR corneal scraping with presence of INCLUSION BODIES with giemsa, fluorescent antibody stain or PCR
41
opthalmia neonatorum of C. trachomatis
first 5-14 days after birth, unilateral or bilateral, mucopurulent discharge, oral antimicrobial therapy
42
opthalmia neonatorum of N. gonorrhoeae
first 1-5 days, bilateral, purulent discharge, systemic antimicrobial therapy and saline irrigation
43
purulent discharge
pus and matter (like crusty)
44
mucopurulent
pus and mucus (slimy)
45
opthalmia neonatorum of Herpes virus 1 and 2
occurs within 14 days - 6 wks after birth; signs of skin, eye, and mouth disease, antiviral treatment
46
Skin, eye, and mouth disease
herpes virus; clustered vesicular lesions (skin), watery eyes with erythema and pain, and ulcerative lesions of mouth and tounge
47
Chlamydia trachomatis diagnosis
not visible by gram stain, PRESENCE OF INCLUSION BODIES with giemsa, flourescent antibody stain or PCR
48
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae diagnosis
gram-negative diplococci from discharge (in or outside of PMNs)
49
most common viral conjunctivitis
Adenovirus
50
Adenovirus (structure)
double-stranded DNA, non-enveloped, highly contagious
51
viral conjunctivitis clinical manifestations
unilateral conjunctivitis (2nd eye involved within 1 week), watery/serous discharge, burning or gritty feeling in one eye, preauricular adenopathy, may precede a respiratory tract infection
52
pharyngoconjunctival fever
adenovirus serotypes 3,7. associated with children and summer, follicles present, watery eye discharge, low grade fever, pharyngitis, self-limiting
53
epidemic keratoconjunctivits
adenovirus serotypes 8, 19, 37, highly contagious, "shipyard eye", follicles and papillae present, photophobia, gritty feelin in eyes, prescribe glucocorticoids to prevent progression to keratitis
54
Retinitis clinical manifestations
floaters, light flashes, blind spots, blurred vision, obstructed areas of vision, sudden decrease of vision
55
Retinitis bacterial etiology
treponema pallidum (spirochete), rickettsia rickettsia (gram negative coccobacilli - obligate intracellular organism)
56
retinitis virus etiology
cytomegalovirus
57
retinitis fungi etiology
candida albicans
58
retinitis parasite etiology
toxoplasma gondii
59
keratitis bacterial etiology
s. aureus, streptococci, p. aeruginosa, haemophilus influenza, moraxella, enterobacteriaacea
60
keratits virus etiology
herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, HSV-1, and adenovirus
61
most common cause of keratits
HSV-1
62
location of primary infection of HSV
HSV viral latency in trigeminal ganglia
63
location of primary infection of VZV
Varicella zoster virus latency in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
64
adult herpes keratitis clinical manifestation
acute onset, eye pain, tearing, blurred and decreased vision
65
neonate herpes keratitis clinical manifestation
excessive watering, crying due to eye pain, conjunctival erythema
66
general keratitis symptoms
eye pain, tearing, photophobia, and decreased vision
67
keratitis treatment
acyclovir (antiviral) for viral etiology
68
TORCH
Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus
69
common cause of blindness in AIDS patients
Cytomegalovirus
70
common cause of blindness in AIDS patients
Cytomegalovirus
71
Toxoplasma gondii
protozoa, common in immunocompromised
72
Treponema pallidum
spirochete - lipoproteins that mediate inflammation, diagnosed using darkfield microscopy (Syphillus)
73
rickettsia rickettsia
gram negative cocobacilli - athropod bite (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
74
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
acid-fast bacillus - airborne
75
Bartonella henselae
gram-negative bacillus - exposure to cats
76
HSV-1/2
double stranded enveloped virus
77
Zika and west nile virus
ssRNA enveloped viruses
78
Onchocerca volvulus
nematode - black fly bite
79
anterior uveitis clinical manifestations
pain and redness, may experience vision loss
80
posterior uveitis clinical manifestations
painless, floaters or loss of VA
81
S. aureus
gram positive cocci
82
Streptococcus pneumoniae
gram positive cocci
83
P. aeruginosa
gram negative rods
84
Haemophilus influenza
gram negative coccobacilli
85
Moraxella species
gram negative diplococci
86
Enterobacteriaaceae
gram negative unknown

Micribio (11 decks)

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