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OMS - 2 Neuro Final > Eye Infections 2 > Flashcards

Eye Infections 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Discrete foci of retinitis w/white retinal or choroidal lesions can be seen in _________ (disease).

A

cat scratch

(microbe: bartinella hensalae)

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2
Q

Parinaud’s Oculoglandular syndrome is caused by _________. Presents with _______.

A
  • Caused by cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae)
  • Conjunctivitis and neuroretinitis
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3
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis characteristics (3)

A
  1. Gram negative diplococci
  2. Oxidase positive
  3. Antibiotic resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin
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4
Q

Which microbe causes a positive hockey puck test?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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5
Q

HSV characteristics (3)

A
  1. Linear
  2. dsDNA
  3. Enveloped
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6
Q

Incubation for HSV

A

2-11 days

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7
Q

Herpes simplex virus is spread via _____

A

Contaminated secretions on mucous membranes

(incubation is 2-11 days. Most infectious during early days of primary infection)

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8
Q

Ocular herpes definition

A

HSV infection of the conjunctiva w/swollen eyelids

(If the cornea is involved it is herpes simplex keratitis)

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9
Q

Herpes simplex keratitis (aka Dendritic Keratitis) deadens _______ and forms a _____ pattern

A
  • nerves
  • Virus branches out in the dendritic pattern
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10
Q
A

Dendritic keratitis AKA herpes simplex keratitis

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11
Q

Adenovirus characteristics

A
  1. Non-enveloped
  2. Icosahedral
  3. Double-stranded DNA
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12
Q

Cytomegalovirus characteristics (2)

A
  1. Double-stranded DNA
  2. Membrane enveloped

(Latency and reactivation; related to HSV)

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13
Q

Adenovirus transmitted by _____ (2).

A
  1. Direct contact
  2. Fecal-oral

(occoasionally water-borne)

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14
Q

CMV retinitis: symptoms (3)

A
  1. floaters
  2. flashes
  3. blind spots
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15
Q

Define Pizza Pie retinopathy is caused by ______(virus) and presents with _______(3).

A
  • caused by CMV
  1. Wool spots
  2. Infiltrate
  3. Hemorrhaging
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16
Q

Retinopathies caused by CMV are prevelent in which patient population?

A
  1. Immuno-compromised
  2. Neonates of mothers who are infected
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17
Q
A

pizza pie retinopathy

(CMV virus)

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18
Q

Wart like lesions of the eyelides can form from the _____.

A

pox virus (VZV)

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19
Q

Sabouraud dextrose agar is used almost exclusively for ______.

A

fungal species

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20
Q

Most commonly seen fungi in the lab?

A

Aspergillus

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21
Q

What are the top 2 most commonly recovered fungi in opportunistic mycoses?

A
  1. Candida
  2. Aspergillus
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22
Q
A

Aspergillus, but you can’t determine the exact fungi. still gives you a direction for trmt

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23
Q

Acremonium: 3 species that cause infection

A
  1. •Acremonium falciforme
  2. •Acremonium kiliense
  3. •Acremonium recifei
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24
Q

Acremonium morphology

A

Conidia usually appears in clusters or balls

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25
Q

Penicillium can cause which 2 ocular disease?

A
  1. keratitis
  2. endophthalmitis
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26
Q

Penicillium is a filamentous fungi that is found in _____ (3).

A
  1. Air
  2. Decaying vegetation
  3. Soil
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27
Q

Rhizopus Causative agent for group of fungal infections classified as _____

A

Zygomycosis

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28
Q

Predisposing factors to zygomycosis?

A
  1. Diabetic ketoacidosis
  2. Immunosuppression
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29
Q

Zygomycosis nosocomial infections are due to ____(2)

A
  1. Contaminated adhesive tape
  2. Wooden tongue depressors

(usually fatal)

30
Q

Mucormycosis is an infection due to _______ species, which are _______ (route of transmission) and deadly.

A
  1. rhizopus
  2. inhaled or ingested
31
Q

Rhizopus (aka black bread mold) morphology (3).

A
  1. aseptate
  2. pigmented rhizoids (root-like hyphae)
  3. forms sporangiophores
32
Q

What are the main differences between exogenous and endogenous endophthalmitis?

A

Exogenous follows surgery or trauma & is usually bacterial

33
Q

Whitish chorioretinal spots with filamentous borders → causes vitreal haze and Roth’s spots are clinical manifestations of _______ infection.

A

Candida

34
Q

Roth’s spots are associated with _______.

A

retinal hemorrhages (white centered hemorrhages)

35
Q

Contact lens cases are contaminated with ____ (3).

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Fungi
  3. Protozoa

(All with catalase activity)

36
Q

Pseudomonas characteristics (3)

A
  1. Gram-negative
  2. Motile
  3. Grape like odor
37
Q
A

Pseudomonas

38
Q

Bacillus cereus characteristics (5)

A
  1. Enterotoxin
  2. Heat resistant spores
  3. Hemolysin
  4. Phospholipase
  5. Protease
39
Q

Acanthamoeba are free living amoebas that require _________.

A

NO vector or human carrier state

40
Q

Keratitis associated with acanthamoeba is contracted from ____(3)

A
  1. Wearing non-disposable lenses
  2. Homemade sodium chloride Solutions
  3. Wearing of contacts while swimming

(have been found in swimming pools)

41
Q
A

Acanthamoeba

42
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis characteristics (5)

A
  1. Biofilms
  2. Catalase positive
  3. Coagulase-negative
  4. Facultative anaerobe
  5. Gram positive cocci
43
Q
A
44
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii is contracted by_____ (4).

A
  1. Congenital transmission
  2. Contaminated water containing tissue cysts
  3. Eating contaminated meat
  4. Oocytes shed by infected cats
45
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii can cause which key feature of infection?

A

necrotic foci

46
Q

Congential toxoplasma gondii affects (2 structures)

A
  1. Chorioretinitis
  2. Brain
47
Q

3 morphological forms of Toxoplasma Gondii

A
  1. cysts
  2. oocysts
  3. tachyzoite
48
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii tachyzoite is a _____form.

A

vegitative

49
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii sporozoites are found in ______.

A

feces

50
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii labs?

A

IFA (immunoflourescent assay) with FITC albeled antihuman IgG

(indirect: uses a direct Ab direct to the organism and another Ab with a flourescent tag)

51
Q

Loa Loa is a _____( microbe type).

A

filiarial nematode

52
Q

Loa Loa transmission & geography

A
  1. Chrysops fly
  2. West Africa
53
Q

Chrysops fly bite humans and deposit ______

A

3rd stage larvae into the human

54
Q

After the chysops fly bites the human and deposits 3rd stage larvae, the larvae develop into adults and produce ________ which migrates to the ______.

A
  • microfilaria
  • blood
55
Q

Loa Loa worms typically end up in the _____.

A

eye

56
Q

Onchocerca volvulus is spread by ______ (vector). Causes ____ (disease).

A
  • Simulium (the black fly)
  • River Blindness
57
Q

Onchocerca volvulus life cycle

A

introduction of larvae from the bite of an infected black fly → migrate to subcutaneous tissues where they form nodules and mature into adults→ mating→female sheds microfilaria → migrate from the nodules

58
Q

Onchocerca volvulus microfilaria travel along blood vessels and nerves to the eyes infecting the ____ (3).

A
  1. Choroid
  2. Cornea
  3. Optic nerve
59
Q

Dead microfilaria induce which inflammatory responses in the eyes (2)?

A
  1. Secondary cataracts
  2. Ocular lesions
60
Q

Define Myiasis

A

Infection of tissues or organs of animals or man by fly larvae

61
Q

Myasis can cause infection of ______ (7 structures).

A
  1. Conjunctivitis: Oestrus ovis (sheep botfly)
  2. Eyes (opthalmomyiasis)
  3. Nose
  4. Paranasal sinuses
  5. Skin wounds
  6. Throat
  7. Urogenital tract
62
Q
A
63
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis may cause infection in which 5 organs?

A
  1. Respiratory
  2. Middle ear
  3. Eye
  4. CNS
  5. Joints
64
Q

Fusarium fungal species are known to cause which 2 ocular diseases?

A
  1. Endophthalmitis
  2. Keratitis

(also causes Otitis media)

65
Q

Cat scratch disease can cause which ocular syndromes (3)?

A
  1. Parinaud’s Oculoglandular Syndrome
  2. Vitritis (infection of the eye jelly)
  3. Posterior uveitis

(microbe: Bartonella hensalae)

66
Q

Adenovirus can cause which 3 ophthalmic diseases?

A
  1. Conjunctivitis
  2. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
  3. Pharyngoconjunctival fever

(also causes: common cold, Tonsillitis, Ear infection)

67
Q

Aspergillosis may cause which 4 conditions?

A
  1. Opportunistic infections
  2. Allergic States
  3. Endophthalmitis
  4. Toxicosis
68
Q

Acanthamoeba causes two distinct clinical symptoms

A
  1. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (AIDs pts)
  2. Keratitis (contact lens wearers)
69
Q

Varicella-zoster virus can cause which ophthalmic diseases (5)?

A
  1. Endophthalmitis
  2. Keratitis
  3. Lacrimal apparatus infection
  4. Scleritis
  5. Viral blepharitis
70
Q

Herpes simplex virus can cause which ocular diseases (4)?

(other than ocular herpes)

A
  1. Endophthalmitis
  2. Lacrimal apparatus infection
  3. Scleritis
  4. Viral blepharitis
71
Q

Candida can cause which ophthalmic conditions (5)?

A
  1. Conjunctivitis
  2. Episcleritis
  3. Exogenous and endogenous endophthalmitis
  4. Iritis
  5. Iritis abscess

(seeding into the retina)

OMS - 2 Neuro Final (36 decks)

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