Basic Eye Disorders 2 Flashcards
Retinal artery/vein occlusion typically affects ______(M/F)
Male:Female = 2:1
Which is more common retinal artery or retinal vein occlusion?
retinal vein
(1 in 2,500; 3xs more common)
Risk factors for retinal vein occlusion (3)
- atherosclerosis
- HTN
- glaucoma
(atherosclerosis also causes retinal artery occlusion)
Risk factors for retinal artery occlusion
- atherosclerosis
- Giant cell arteritis
- A-fib
(atherosclerosis also causes retinal vein occlusion)
What would you find upon fundoscopic exam of retinal artery occlusion (2)?
- gray retina
- won’t see pulsations in the blood vessels
What would you find upon fundoscopic exam of retinal vein occlusion (2)?
- edema
- tortouse veins
Vision loss in retinal vein or artery occlusion is _______ (slow/sudden).
sudden & painless
Pale and gray macula w/cherry red spot indicates _______.
retinal artery or vein occlusion
amaurosis fugax is a _____ of the retina
TIA
(patient might state: “I was mowing the lawn and suddenly my vision got black. 10 min later, it came back.”)
Retinoblastoma is diagnosed before ______ years old.
2
(1 in 16,500 births)
MC CNS tumor in infants
retinoblastoma
(1 in 16,500 live births)
Retinoblastoma is AR and the RB tumor suppressor gene is located on chromosome ____
13
Retinoblastoma can be hereditary or acquired. The majority are ______.
acquired (aka sporadic)
define exophytic in terms of retinoblastoma
tumor that grow out from the retina
define endophytic in terms of retinoblastoma
tumor that grows backwards into the wall of the orbital cavity
Rosettes are characteristic of _______.
neural originated tumors
retinoblastoma are ________ cell tumors
small blue
Homer Wright Rosettes have a central lumen filled w/neutrophil and are commonly seen in ______(diz).
retinoblastoma
(also neuroblastoma and pineal tumors)
Child presents with a headache and vomiting. CT scan shows a tumor near the optic nerve. Dx?
Retinoblastoma
________(2) clinical findings are seen in children with retinoblastoma.
- strabismus (squinting due to lost vision)
- leukocoria (white pupillary reflex instead of red)
with germline retinoblastoma, they will most likely have a lifetime incidence of _______.
non-ocular malignancy issues
(70% of cases
2 MC malignancy seen in children with germline retinoblastoma.
- osteosarcoma
- leiomyosarcoma
If retinoblastoma is confined to the eye, what is the prognosis?
5 year survival
retinoblastoma treatment (2)
- enucleation (eye removal)
- chemo
Uveitis (inflammation of iris, ciliary body, choroid) is seen in one in every _____ adults
7,000
Uveitis is related to ______ (2).
- inflammatory disease
- autoimmune disease
Uveitis does NOT affect ______.
visual acuity
Symptoms of uveitis (5)
- blurred vision (acuity intact)
- photophobia
- lacrimation
- pupil constricted
- hypopyon
Glaucoma can affect the ______ and ______ but uveitis does not.
- optic cup
- retina
Uveitis is treated with ________ medication.
anti-inflammatory
Uveitis increases the incidence of _______.
glaucoma
Retinal detachement occurs in one in ______.
9,000
Risk factors of retinal detachment include _______ (4 retinopathies)
- diabetic
- hypertensive
- sickle cell
- premature
Retinal detachment occurs when there is a tear in the retina and the ________ dissects, lifting the retina
vitreous
retinal detachment will present with the complaint of ______(2)
- floaters
- flashes/sparkles of light
retinal detachment on fundoscopic exam will reveal _____.
crinkles
retinal detachment is an emergency, the treatment is ______.
surgery (will restore some vision)
What are the 3 most common findings on fundoscopic exam in hypertensive retinopathy
- copper wiring (vessels turn brown)
- cotton wool spots (exudate from leaky vessels)
- AV nicking
Hypertensive retinopathy will show ________ and decreased _______ on physical exam.
- hypertension
- light reflex
Retininits pigmentosa is seen in one in _______ live births
4,000
Retinitis pigmentosa is associated with _______ (diz).
Prader-Willi
Retinitis pigmentosa leads to vision loss and begins with ______ (2).
- loss of night vision
- peripheral vision
2 MC tumors of the eye
- meningioma
- glioma
The MC primary tumors of the eye are ______ in origin
vascular
MC malignancy of the eyelid
basal cell carcinoma
How does conjunctival scarring lead to dry eye?
reduction of goblet cells → ⇣ mucin → aqueous component of tears can’t bind
cystic compound nevus
______ is when the eye is too long for its refractive power; _______ is when the eye is too short for its refractive power.
- myopia
- hyperopia
