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OMS - 2 Neuro Final > Basic Eye Disorders 2 > Flashcards

Basic Eye Disorders 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Retinal artery/vein occlusion typically affects ______(M/F)

A

Male:Female = 2:1

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2
Q

Which is more common retinal artery or retinal vein occlusion?

A

retinal vein

(1 in 2,500; 3xs more common)

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3
Q

Risk factors for retinal vein occlusion (3)

A
  1. atherosclerosis
  2. HTN
  3. glaucoma

(atherosclerosis also causes retinal artery occlusion)

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4
Q

Risk factors for retinal artery occlusion

A
  1. atherosclerosis
  2. Giant cell arteritis
  3. A-fib

(atherosclerosis also causes retinal vein occlusion)

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5
Q

What would you find upon fundoscopic exam of retinal artery occlusion (2)?

A
  1. gray retina
  2. won’t see pulsations in the blood vessels
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6
Q

What would you find upon fundoscopic exam of retinal vein occlusion (2)?

A
  1. edema
  2. tortouse veins
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7
Q

Vision loss in retinal vein or artery occlusion is _______ (slow/sudden).

A

sudden & painless

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8
Q

Pale and gray macula w/cherry red spot indicates _______.

A

retinal artery or vein occlusion

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9
Q

amaurosis fugax is a _____ of the retina

A

TIA

(patient might state: “I was mowing the lawn and suddenly my vision got black. 10 min later, it came back.”)

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10
Q

Retinoblastoma is diagnosed before ______ years old.

A

2

(1 in 16,500 births)

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11
Q

MC CNS tumor in infants

A

retinoblastoma

(1 in 16,500 live births)

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12
Q

Retinoblastoma is AR and the RB tumor suppressor gene is located on chromosome ____

A

13

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13
Q

Retinoblastoma can be hereditary or acquired. The majority are ______.

A

acquired (aka sporadic)

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14
Q

define exophytic in terms of retinoblastoma

A

tumor that grow out from the retina

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15
Q

define endophytic in terms of retinoblastoma

A

tumor that grows backwards into the wall of the orbital cavity

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16
Q

Rosettes are characteristic of _______.

A

neural originated tumors

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17
Q

retinoblastoma are ________ cell tumors

A

small blue

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18
Q

Homer Wright Rosettes have a central lumen filled w/neutrophil and are commonly seen in ______(diz).

A

retinoblastoma

(also neuroblastoma and pineal tumors)

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19
Q

Child presents with a headache and vomiting. CT scan shows a tumor near the optic nerve. Dx?

A

Retinoblastoma

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20
Q

________(2) clinical findings are seen in children with retinoblastoma.

A
  1. strabismus (squinting due to lost vision)
  2. leukocoria (white pupillary reflex instead of red)
21
Q

with germline retinoblastoma, they will most likely have a lifetime incidence of _______.

A

non-ocular malignancy issues

(70% of cases

22
Q

2 MC malignancy seen in children with germline retinoblastoma.

A
  1. osteosarcoma
  2. leiomyosarcoma
23
Q

If retinoblastoma is confined to the eye, what is the prognosis?

A

5 year survival

24
Q

retinoblastoma treatment (2)

A
  1. enucleation (eye removal)
  2. chemo
25
Q

Uveitis (inflammation of iris, ciliary body, choroid) is seen in one in every _____ adults

A

7,000

26
Q

Uveitis is related to ______ (2).

A
  1. inflammatory disease
  2. autoimmune disease
27
Q

Uveitis does NOT affect ______.

A

visual acuity

28
Q

Symptoms of uveitis (5)

A
  1. blurred vision (acuity intact)
  2. photophobia
  3. lacrimation
  4. pupil constricted
  5. hypopyon
29
Q

Glaucoma can affect the ______ and ______ but uveitis does not.

A
  1. optic cup
  2. retina
30
Q

Uveitis is treated with ________ medication.

A

anti-inflammatory

31
Q

Uveitis increases the incidence of _______.

A

glaucoma

32
Q

Retinal detachement occurs in one in ______.

A

9,000

33
Q

Risk factors of retinal detachment include _______ (4 retinopathies)

A
  1. diabetic
  2. hypertensive
  3. sickle cell
  4. premature
34
Q

Retinal detachment occurs when there is a tear in the retina and the ________ dissects, lifting the retina

A

vitreous

35
Q

retinal detachment will present with the complaint of ______(2)

A
  1. floaters
  2. flashes/sparkles of light
36
Q

retinal detachment on fundoscopic exam will reveal _____.

A

crinkles

37
Q

retinal detachment is an emergency, the treatment is ______.

A

surgery (will restore some vision)

38
Q

What are the 3 most common findings on fundoscopic exam in hypertensive retinopathy

A
  1. copper wiring (vessels turn brown)
  2. cotton wool spots (exudate from leaky vessels)
  3. AV nicking
39
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy will show ________ and decreased _______ on physical exam.

A
  • hypertension
  • light reflex
40
Q

Retininits pigmentosa is seen in one in _______ live births

A

4,000

41
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa is associated with _______ (diz).

A

Prader-Willi

42
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa leads to vision loss and begins with ______ (2).

A
  1. loss of night vision
  2. peripheral vision
43
Q

2 MC tumors of the eye

A
  1. meningioma
  2. glioma
44
Q

The MC primary tumors of the eye are ______ in origin

A

vascular

45
Q

MC malignancy of the eyelid

A

basal cell carcinoma

46
Q

How does conjunctival scarring lead to dry eye?

A

reduction of goblet cells → ⇣ mucin → aqueous component of tears can’t bind

47
Q
A

cystic compound nevus

48
Q

______ is when the eye is too long for its refractive power; _______ is when the eye is too short for its refractive power.

A
  • myopia
  • hyperopia

OMS - 2 Neuro Final (36 decks)

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