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OMS - 2 Neuro Final > CIS III > Flashcards

CIS III Flashcards

1
Q

_______ deficiency can cause peripheral neuropathy

A

B12

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2
Q

______ must be measured to ensure patients on warfarin.

A

INR (normal 2.5-3.5)

PTT

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3
Q

3 cardiac tests for post-stroke patients presenting w/neurocognitive deficits

A
  1. echo
  2. carotid US
  3. EKG
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4
Q
A

meningioma

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5
Q

meningiomas arise from ______ cells

A

meningothelial cells of the arachnoid layers (aka arachnoid cells)

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6
Q

patients w/ _____ have an increased risk of meningiomas

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

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7
Q

merlin is a cytoskeleton protein that appears to regulate _______,

A

membrane receptor signaling

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8
Q

NF2 gene encodes _____

A

merlin

(contact inhibition of tumor growth)

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9
Q

Meningiomas grade ______ have a lower risk of regrowth after treatment

A

WHO grad 1-2

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10
Q
A

syncytial meningioma: note psammoma body (yellow) and oval nuclei w/central clearing

(WHO grade I)

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11
Q
A
  • Yellow arrow: psammoma body
  • Black arrow: oval nuclei w/central clearing
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12
Q
A

Fibroblastic meningioma

(note: collagen deposition & growth pattern)

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13
Q

meningiomas that invade the brain are grade ______

A

2

(grade 3 can invade also)

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14
Q

WHO grade 2 meningiomas have ______ (3 characteristics)

A
  1. increased cellularity foci of necrosis
  2. grow in sheets
  3. increased N/C ratio
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15
Q

Malignant meningiomas (grade 3) have _______ (2 characteristics)

A
  1. sarcomatous histology
  2. >20 mitoses per 10 hpf
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16
Q

malignant meningiomas (grade 3) can metastasis to _____

A

anywhere inside or outside CNS

(bones, lymph nodes, abdomen, etch)

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17
Q

Most meningiomas are attached to the ______.

A

underlying dura (WHO grade 1 won’t invade the meningioma; majority of cases)

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18
Q

Fibroblastic meningiomas are grade ______ .

A

1

(fibroblasts, collagen present on histology)

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19
Q

WHO grade 2 meningioma shows _______-like (2) growth with increased cellularity

A
  1. sheet-like
  2. pattern-less
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20
Q
A

chordoid meningioma; grade 2

(loose & empty stroma, chords & nests of tumor cells w/epithelioid appearance w/mucopolysaccarides)

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21
Q

Meningioma type? Grade?

A
  • Atypical meningioma; clear cell
  • WHO grade 2

(tumor cells w/abundant clear cytoplasm)

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22
Q

Meningioma type?

Grade?

A
  • papillary meningioma
  • WHO grade 3
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23
Q

_____ and _____ meningiomas appear similarly on histology.

A
  • rhabdoid
  • papillary
24
Q

wait and see approach for meningiomas that have _____ (2)

A
  1. no edema
  2. no invasion
25
Q

large, infiltrating meningiomas treatment recommendations

A

resection/surgery

(before radiation)

26
Q

atypical meningioma treatment (2)

A
  1. rersection w/histopathology confirmation
  2. then radiation to prevent recurrence
27
Q

The primary event in the pathogenesis of ADis the generation of _____- in the CNS neurons

A

AB (amyloid beta peptides)

28
Q

amyloid precursor protein

29
Q

Majory secondary event in AD is the aggregation of _______ in the CNS neurons

A

hyperphosphorylated tau

30
Q

2 major histo findings in AD

A
  1. neurofibrillary tangles
  2. neuritic plaques
31
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles are aggregation of _______; neuritic plaques are an aggregation of _______.

A
  • hyperphosphorylated tau
  • aB peptides
32
Q

Black arrows?

A

severely atrophic hippocampus

33
Q

Dx?

A

alzheimer disease : enlarged lateral ventricles (temporal horns) and third ventricles

34
Q

_______ lobe is particularly affected by AD

A

medial portion of the temporal

35
Q

enlarged ventricles in AD is secondary to _______.

A

brain parenchyma attrophy (hydrocephalus ex vacuo)

36
Q
A

neurofibrillary tangle: contains aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau

37
Q

neurofibrillary tangle in AD are ______ shaped

A

flame: contains hyperphosphorylated tau

38
Q

neurofibrillary tangles are composed of _________

A

hyperphosphorylated 3R & 4R tau

39
Q
A

silver stain of neurofibrillary tangle: hyperphosphorylated tau

40
Q
A

neuritic/senile plaque: neuronal processes/neuritic/dystrophic neurons

(aB peptide aggregation. Remnants of the dendrites of the neuron)

41
Q
A

psammomatous meningioma: note numerous psammoma bodies (laminated calcified concretions)

42
Q

Type of meningioma? Grade?

A
  • atypical meningioma
  • WHO grade 2

(NOTE: solid sheet of tumor w/increased cellularity, hyperchromatic nuclei and ⇡ N/C ratio)

43
Q

Grade?

A

WHO Grade 2

(clear cell meningioma; note: polygonal tumor cells w/clear cytoplasm & oval nuclei; separated by prominent bands of collagen)

44
Q

Meningioma type? Grade?

A
  • atypical meningioma/malignant
  • WHO Grade 2

(note the invasion into brain parenchyma)

45
Q

meningioma type? grade?

A
  • Papillary
  • grade 3/malignant
46
Q

meningioma type? Grade?

A
  • Rhabdoid meningioma
  • WHO Grade 3/malignant

(note eccentric hyperchromatic nuclei; eosinophilic)

47
Q

2 major types of FTLD

A
  1. FTLD-Tau
  2. FTLD-TDP
48
Q

_______ protein aggregates in FTLD-TDP

49
Q

Some patients w/FTLD also have ______.

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

50
Q

Prototypical FTLD is ______ disease

51
Q
A

Pick Disease: atrophy of the frontal loabe and gyri

52
Q
A

Pick disease

(note: frontal & temporal lobes show sulcal widening and knife-edge gyral atrophy w/hydrocephalus ex vacuo)

53
Q
A

Pick bodies: oval intracytoplasmic filamentous inclusions

(aggregated hyperphosphorylated 3R tau)

54
Q
55
Q
A

TDP-43 positive neurons: pick disease

56
Q
A

TDP-43 positive motor neurons & glial cells

(Pick disease)

57
Q
A

TDP-43 positive, but there is less of it → ALS

OMS - 2 Neuro Final (36 decks)

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