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Histology > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the eye ?

A
  • Regulation of the amount of light entering the eye
  • Focusing on light to form an image
  • Conversion of light into neural activity
  • Analysis of the visual image before it goes to the brain
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2
Q

What are the outer structures of the eye ?

A
  • Cornea and Sclera (white area)
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3
Q

What is the pigmented area ?

A
  • ciliary body, Iris, ciliary process, and choroid
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4
Q

Neural Retinal Structure of the eye

A
  • non-visual part of retina
  • retinal pigmented epithelium
  • fovea
    photosensitive part of the retina
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5
Q

What are the chambers of the eye?

A

Anterior, Posterior, and Vitreous

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6
Q

Anterior Chamber

A
  • infront of the iris and the pupil

- filled with aqueous humor

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7
Q

Posterior Chamber

A
  • chamber around the lens

- filled with aqueous humor

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8
Q

Vitreous Chamber

A
  • behind the lens

- filled with gelatinous vitreous humor

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9
Q

What are the three layers of the eye ?

A

Retinal, Choroid Layer, and Corneo-scleral layer

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10
Q

Retinal Layer

A
  • Innermost Neural Layer
  • Neural Retina
  • Retinal Pigment Epithelium
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11
Q

Choroid Layer

A
  • Middle Vascular Layer

- Choroid, Iris, and Ciliary Body

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12
Q

Corneo-scleral Layer

A
  • Outer Fibrous Layer

- Cornea and Sclera

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13
Q

Choroid

A

highly vascularized, pigmented, loose connective tissue

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14
Q

Ciliary Body

A
  • regulates fine focus by adjusting the shape of the lens, via parasympathetically innervated ciliary muscle
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15
Q

Ciliary Processes

A

source of aqueous humor –> goes into the anterior and posterior chambers

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16
Q

Zonule Fibers

A
  • fine ligaments connecting ciliary body to lens
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17
Q

Iris

A

regulates amount of light entering eye by changing size of pupil

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18
Q

Dilator Pupillae Muscle is innervated by

A
  • sympathetically
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19
Q

Constrictor Pupillae Muscle are innervated by

A
  • parasympathetically
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20
Q

Where is most of the light focusing is done by ?

A

Cornea

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21
Q

Lens

A
  • biconvex transparent avascular tissue, there is no blood supply which is why you can have a lens replaced
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22
Q

What are the roles of the lens ?

A
  • provides fine focus of visual image by changing shape via ciliary muscle
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23
Q

What is the outer capsule of the lens composed of ?

A
  • thick basement membrane
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24
Q

What does the anterior epithelial cells of the lens differentiate into ?

A
  • elongated fiber cells
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25
Q

Opacities

A

cataracts

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26
Q

What is the first layer of the retina ?

A

Inner limiting membrane

27
Q

What is the inner limiting membrane ?

A
  • inner limiting membrane basal lamina of Muller’s cells
28
Q

What is the second layer ?

A
  • Ganglion Cell Axons
29
Q

What goes on in ganglion cell axons ?

A
  • optic nerve fibers from ganglion cells
30
Q

What is the third layer ?

A
  • ganglion cell bodies
31
Q

What is ganglion cell bodies?

A

ganglion layer cell bodies of large multipolar neurons synapsing with inner plexiform and axonal process to optic nerve

32
Q

What is the fourth layer ?

A

Inner synaptic layer

33
Q

What does the inner synaptic layer ?

A

inner plexiform layer that contains neuronal processes

34
Q

What is the fifth layer ?

A

Inner nuclear layer (interneurons)

35
Q

What is the inner nuclear layer (interneurons) ?

A

inner nuclear layer contain nuclei from Muller’s, amacrine, bipolar, horizontal and interplexiform cells

36
Q

What is the sixth layer ?

A

Outer Synaptic Layer

37
Q

What does the outer synaptic layer ?

A

Outer plexiform layer processes of photoreceptor cells

38
Q

What is the seventh layer ?

A
  • outer nuclear layer ( photoreceptor cell bodies )
39
Q

What does the outer nuclear layer (photoreceptor cell bodies) do ?

A
  • outer nuclear layer from nuclei of rods and cones
40
Q

What is the eighth layer ?

A

outer membrane layer

41
Q

What is the outer membrane layer?

A
  • outer membrane formed by row of zonulae adherence from Muller cells
42
Q

What is the ninth layer ?

A
  • rod and cone photoreceptor outer segments
43
Q

What does the rod and cone photoreceptor outer segments ?

A
  • rods and cones receptor cells for light and color. Rods for light/dark and cones for color
44
Q

What is the 10th layer ?

A

retinal pigment epithelium

45
Q

What is the retinal pigment epithelium ?

A
  • pigment layer of retina forms blood retina barrier, absorbs excess light and phagocytize discs from rods and cones
46
Q

What is the role of the Muller’s cells ?

A
  • supporting cells
47
Q

What is the role of the horizontal cells ?

A
  • spread signals
48
Q

What happens when there is retinal detachment ?

A
  • coming apart

- curtains and flashes of light because of the separated receptors from the pigment layer

49
Q

Retinal Pigment Epithelium

A
  1. nutritional support for photoreceptors
  2. absorbs stray light
  3. phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments
50
Q

Photoreceptors

A
  • phototransduction to convert light into neural activity
51
Q

Interneurons

A
  • spread them out

- Process neural signals

52
Q

Ganglion cells

A
  • transmit visual signals to brain

- via optic nerve

53
Q

Fovea (macula)

A
  • light is suppose to be focused
  • back of the retina in line with visual axis
  • contains no blood vessels
  • all cones
54
Q

Optic Disk or Papilla

A
  • no rods and cones
  • origin of the optic nerve
  • blindspot
55
Q

Ora Serrata

A
  • anterior most part

- beginning of photoreceptors

56
Q

What happens when zonula fibers are contracted ?

A
  • The ciliary muscles are relaxed
  • lens thin
  • far vision
57
Q

What happens when zonula fibers are relaxed ?

A
  • contract the ciliary muscles
  • lens are thick
  • close vision
58
Q

Macula Degeneration

A
  • loss of the fovea function
59
Q

What is the outer surface of the eyelid covered by ?

A
  • thin skin
60
Q

What is the inner surface of the eye lid covered by ?

A
  • conjuctiva, goblet cells and no hair

- stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

61
Q

What does the eyelid contain?

A
  • tarsal plate ( fibroelastic connective tissue)
  • Orbicularis Muscle
  • Large Sebaceous
  • Small Sebaceous
  • Moll Sweat Glands
62
Q

What is the large sebaceous gland of the eyelid ?

A

Meibomium glands, not with hair

63
Q

What is the small sebaceous gland of the eyelid ?

A

Zeis Glands, with hair

Histology (7 decks)

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