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Neuro > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What shape can the orbit of the eye be thought as

A

Pyramidal

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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the bony orbit

A

Roof
Floor
Medial wall
Lateral wall
Apex
Base

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3
Q

What is the roof of the orbit made from

A

Frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid

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4
Q

What is the floor of the orbit made from

A

Maxilla, palatine, zygomatic bones

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5
Q

What is the medial wall of the orbit compromised of

A

Ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal and sphenoid bones

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6
Q

What is the lateral wall of the orbit compromised of

A

Zygomatic bone and greater wing of the sphenoid

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7
Q

What is the apex of the orbit compromised of

A

Located at the opening of the optic canal - the optic foramen

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8
Q

What is the base of the orbit compromised of

A

Opens out into the face

Bounded by the eyelids

Also known as the orbital rim

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9
Q

What separates the orbit from the ethmoid sinus

A

Ethmoid bone

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10
Q

What separates the orbit from the underlying maxillary sinus

A

Maxilla

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11
Q

What does the frontal bone separate the orbit from

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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12
Q

What are the contents of the orbit

A

Extra-occular muscles
Eyelids - cover orbit anteriorly
Nerves
Blood vessels

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13
Q

What is the primary blood supply to the eye

A

Ophthalmic artery

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14
Q

What is venous drainage to the eye

A

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

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15
Q

What is the space in the orbit filled with

A

Orbital fat - act as a cushion

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16
Q

What are the three main pathways structures ca n leave and enter the orbit

A

Optic canal

Superior orbital fissure

Inferior orbital fissure

17
Q

What parts can the eyeball be divided into

A

Fibrous
Vascular
Inner layers

18
Q

Describe the fibrous layer of the eye

A

Outermost layer

Consists of sclera and cornea

19
Q

What are the main functions of the cornea and sclera

A

Provide shape to the eye and support the deeper structures

20
Q

Describe the sclera

A

Approx. 85% of fibrous layer

Provides attachment for extraocular muscles

21
Q

Describe the cornea

A

Transparent and positioned centrally at the front of the eye

Light entering the eye is refracted by the cornea

22
Q

Describe the vascular layer

A

Consists of choroid, ciliary body and iris

23
Q

Describe the choroid

A

Layer of connective tissue

Provides nourishment to the outer layers of the retina

24
Q

Describe the ciliary body

A

Two parts - ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

Ciliary muscle - collection of smooth muscle fibres.

Attached to lens of the eye by the ciliary processes.

Ciliary body controls the shape of the lens, contributes to the formation of aqueous humor

25
Q

Describe the iris

A

Circular structure - aperture in the centre (the pupil)

Diameter of the pupil is altered by smooth muscle fibres within the iris

26
Q

Describe the inner layer of the eye

A

Formed by the retina = light detecting component

  1. pigmented (outer layer) - formed by a single layer of cells
  2. Neural (inner) layer) - consists of photoreceptors, light detecting cells of the retina
27
Q

What is the centre of the retina marked by an area known as…

A

Macula - yellowish in colour and highly pigmented

28
Q

What is the depression in the macula

A

Fovea centralis - has a high concentration of light detecting cells

29
Q

Describe the vitreous body

A

Transparent gel which fills the posterior segment of the eyeball

Three main functions
- contributes to the magnifying power of the eye
- support the lens
- holds the layers of the retina in place

30
Q

What is the narrow canal which runs from the optic disc to the lens

A

Hyaloid canal

31
Q

What alters the lens shape

A

Ciliary body

Neuro (15 decks)

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