Extras: Microbio Flashcards

1
Q

Opportunistic infections that affect HIV pts below 400, below 200, and below 50

A

Below 400: Tb
Below 200: P. Jiroveci, toxoplasma, cryptosporidium, candidiasis, cryptococcus neoformans
Below 50: MAC, CMV

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2
Q

Which bacteria uses IgA protease and is quellung-reaction positive?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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3
Q

Which bacteria is the most common community acquired PNA + most common meningitis in children

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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4
Q

Mycoplasma vs mycobacterium

A

Mycoplasma: three bacteria without cell walls (m. pneumoniae, genitalium, and ureaplasma urealyticum)
Mycobacteria: three acid-fast bacilli (m. Tuberculosum, m. Leprae, MAC)

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5
Q

Three gram negative diplococci

A

N. Meningitidis, N. Gonorrhea, Moraxella catarrhalis

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6
Q

What bacterial sp causes dysentery?

A

Shigella

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7
Q

Bacteria that makes up 99% of gut flora

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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8
Q

Which bacterial sp is associated with Guillan-Barre syndrome?

A

C. Jejuni

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9
Q

Bacteria that causes epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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10
Q

Which bacteria from cats causes cellulitis, and which causes cat-scratch fever (with fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy) + bacillary angiomatosis

A

Cellulitis: pasteurella multocida

Cat scratch fever and bacillary angiomatosis: bartonella henselae

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11
Q

Only rickettsia that is Weil-Felix negative

A

Rickettsia akari

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12
Q

What shape are rickettsia?

A

Coccobacilli

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13
Q

Human erlichiosis

A

Just like Rocky Mountain spotted fever, but no rash

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14
Q

Early vs late disseminated Lyme dz

A

Early disseminated: neuropathy, Bell’s palsy, cardiac issues, joint issues
Late disseminated: chronic arthritis and encephalopathy

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15
Q

Neimann-Pick vs Gaucher cells

A

Niemann-Pick: foamy cytoplasm

Gaucher: crumpled tissue paper

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16
Q

1 viral encephalitis cause

A

HSV

17
Q

Most common TORCH cause of intellectual disability

A

CMV

18
Q

What virus family causes influenza?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

19
Q

Hemagluttinin and neuraminidase in orthomyxovirus do what?

A

Hemagluttinin: binds sialic acid receptors
Neuraminidase: disrupts mucin barriers

20
Q

Slowly-progressing neuro disorder months-years after measles infection

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

21
Q

Malassezia and Hortaea werneckii cause what?

A

Malassezia -> pityriasis versicolor

Hortaea werneckii -> tinea nigra

22
Q

Three sp of dermatophytes

A
  1. Microsporum
  2. Trichophyton
  3. Epidermophyton
23
Q

What do actinomyces and nocardia cause?

A

Actinomyces: abscesses, disease in lungs/abd/cervicofacial region
Nocardia asteroides: lung abscesses/cavitations, PNA (mistaken for Tb)

24
Q

Three types of Protozoa that cause diarrhea and the type they cause

A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica -> bloody diarrhea
  2. Giardia lamblia -> fatty stools
  3. Cryptosporidium parvum -> watery diarrhea
25
Q

Parasite that causes chronic meningoencephalitis and also contact lens keratitis

A

Acanthamoeba

26
Q

Two infections that can cause chorioretinitis in immunocompromised

A
  1. CMV

2. Toxoplasma gondii

27
Q

Whip worm s/s

A

Abd pain, loose stools