Extras: Microbio Flashcards
Opportunistic infections that affect HIV pts below 400, below 200, and below 50
Below 400: Tb
Below 200: P. Jiroveci, toxoplasma, cryptosporidium, candidiasis, cryptococcus neoformans
Below 50: MAC, CMV
Which bacteria uses IgA protease and is quellung-reaction positive?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which bacteria is the most common community acquired PNA + most common meningitis in children
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycoplasma vs mycobacterium
Mycoplasma: three bacteria without cell walls (m. pneumoniae, genitalium, and ureaplasma urealyticum)
Mycobacteria: three acid-fast bacilli (m. Tuberculosum, m. Leprae, MAC)
Three gram negative diplococci
N. Meningitidis, N. Gonorrhea, Moraxella catarrhalis
What bacterial sp causes dysentery?
Shigella
Bacteria that makes up 99% of gut flora
Bacteroides fragilis
Which bacterial sp is associated with Guillan-Barre syndrome?
C. Jejuni
Bacteria that causes epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenzae
Which bacteria from cats causes cellulitis, and which causes cat-scratch fever (with fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy) + bacillary angiomatosis
Cellulitis: pasteurella multocida
Cat scratch fever and bacillary angiomatosis: bartonella henselae
Only rickettsia that is Weil-Felix negative
Rickettsia akari
What shape are rickettsia?
Coccobacilli
Human erlichiosis
Just like Rocky Mountain spotted fever, but no rash
Early vs late disseminated Lyme dz
Early disseminated: neuropathy, Bell’s palsy, cardiac issues, joint issues
Late disseminated: chronic arthritis and encephalopathy
Neimann-Pick vs Gaucher cells
Niemann-Pick: foamy cytoplasm
Gaucher: crumpled tissue paper
1 viral encephalitis cause
HSV
Most common TORCH cause of intellectual disability
CMV
What virus family causes influenza?
Orthomyxoviridae
Hemagluttinin and neuraminidase in orthomyxovirus do what?
Hemagluttinin: binds sialic acid receptors
Neuraminidase: disrupts mucin barriers
Slowly-progressing neuro disorder months-years after measles infection
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Malassezia and Hortaea werneckii cause what?
Malassezia -> pityriasis versicolor
Hortaea werneckii -> tinea nigra
Three sp of dermatophytes
- Microsporum
- Trichophyton
- Epidermophyton
What do actinomyces and nocardia cause?
Actinomyces: abscesses, disease in lungs/abd/cervicofacial region
Nocardia asteroides: lung abscesses/cavitations, PNA (mistaken for Tb)
Three types of Protozoa that cause diarrhea and the type they cause
- Entamoeba histolytica -> bloody diarrhea
- Giardia lamblia -> fatty stools
- Cryptosporidium parvum -> watery diarrhea
Parasite that causes chronic meningoencephalitis and also contact lens keratitis
Acanthamoeba
Two infections that can cause chorioretinitis in immunocompromised
- CMV
2. Toxoplasma gondii
Whip worm s/s
Abd pain, loose stools
