Extras: Microbio

Question 1

Opportunistic infections that affect HIV pts below 400, below 200, and below 50

Answer 1

Below 400: Tb
Below 200: P. Jiroveci, toxoplasma, cryptosporidium, candidiasis, cryptococcus neoformans
Below 50: MAC, CMV

Question 2

Which bacteria uses IgA protease and is quellung-reaction positive?

Answer 2

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 3

Which bacteria is the most common community acquired PNA + most common meningitis in children

Answer 3

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 4

Mycoplasma vs mycobacterium

Answer 4

Mycoplasma: three bacteria without cell walls (m. pneumoniae, genitalium, and ureaplasma urealyticum)
Mycobacteria: three acid-fast bacilli (m. Tuberculosum, m. Leprae, MAC)

Question 5

Three gram negative diplococci

Answer 5

N. Meningitidis, N. Gonorrhea, Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 6

What bacterial sp causes dysentery?

Answer 6

Shigella

Question 7

Bacteria that makes up 99% of gut flora

Answer 7

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 8

Which bacterial sp is associated with Guillan-Barre syndrome?

Answer 8

C. Jejuni

Question 9

Bacteria that causes epiglottitis

Answer 9

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 10

Which bacteria from cats causes cellulitis, and which causes cat-scratch fever (with fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy) + bacillary angiomatosis

Answer 10

Cellulitis: pasteurella multocida

Cat scratch fever and bacillary angiomatosis: bartonella henselae

Question 11

Only rickettsia that is Weil-Felix negative

Answer 11

Rickettsia akari

Question 12

What shape are rickettsia?

Answer 12

Coccobacilli

Question 13

Human erlichiosis

Answer 13

Just like Rocky Mountain spotted fever, but no rash

Question 14

Early vs late disseminated Lyme dz

Answer 14

Early disseminated: neuropathy, Bell’s palsy, cardiac issues, joint issues
Late disseminated: chronic arthritis and encephalopathy

Question 15

Neimann-Pick vs Gaucher cells

Answer 15

Niemann-Pick: foamy cytoplasm

Gaucher: crumpled tissue paper

Question 16

1 viral encephalitis cause

Answer 16

HSV

Question 17

Most common TORCH cause of intellectual disability

Answer 17

CMV

Question 18

What virus family causes influenza?

Answer 18

Orthomyxoviridae

Question 19

Hemagluttinin and neuraminidase in orthomyxovirus do what?

Answer 19

Hemagluttinin: binds sialic acid receptors
Neuraminidase: disrupts mucin barriers

Question 20

Slowly-progressing neuro disorder months-years after measles infection

Answer 20

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Question 21

Malassezia and Hortaea werneckii cause what?

Answer 21

Malassezia -> pityriasis versicolor

Hortaea werneckii -> tinea nigra

Question 22

Three sp of dermatophytes

Answer 22

1. Microsporum
2. Trichophyton
3. Epidermophyton

Question 23

What do actinomyces and nocardia cause?

Answer 23

Actinomyces: abscesses, disease in lungs/abd/cervicofacial region
Nocardia asteroides: lung abscesses/cavitations, PNA (mistaken for Tb)

Question 24

Three types of Protozoa that cause diarrhea and the type they cause

Answer 24

1. Entamoeba histolytica -> bloody diarrhea
2. Giardia lamblia -> fatty stools
3. Cryptosporidium parvum -> watery diarrhea

Question 25

Parasite that causes chronic meningoencephalitis and also contact lens keratitis

Answer 25

Acanthamoeba

Question 26

Two infections that can cause chorioretinitis in immunocompromised

Answer 26

1. CMV

2. Toxoplasma gondii

Question 27

Whip worm s/s

Answer 27

Abd pain, loose stools