12: Hematopoeisis Conditions

Question 1

Most common nutritional disorder in the world

Answer 1

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 2

S/S iron deficiency anemia

Answer 2

Fatigue, weakness, HA, dizziness, pale skin, arrhythmias, SOA, CP, cold hands and feet

Question 3

Five steps in lab evaluation of anemia

Answer 3

1. CBC and reticulocyte index
2. Categorize as microcytic, macrocytic, or normocytic based on MCV
3. Examine peripheral smear
4. Examine serum Fe, Fe-binding capacity, serum ferritin levels
5. Erythrocytes size-distribution width

Question 4

What happens in peripheral blood + BM in anemia s caused by RBC loss/hemolysis?

Answer 4

Blood: elevated reticulocytes
BM: erythroid hyperplasia

Question 5

Two things that can cause nucleated RBCs to be found in peripheral blood

Answer 5

1. Compensatory erythropoeisis (due to severe anemia or chronic hypoxemia)
2. Hypsplenism (due to sickle cell, traumatic splenectomy, etc.)

Question 6

Extramedullary hematopoeisis can occur in response to these four things

Answer 6

1. Severe chronic anemia, thallasemia, or sickle cell
2. SC failure
3. Infection
4. Malignant transformation and replacement of BM in bone

Question 7

What is acute neutrophilia with left shift associated with?

Answer 7

Acute bacterial infection

Question 8

Left shift

Answer 8

Increased immature leukocytes

Question 9

Toxic granulation

Answer 9

Dark coarse granules in neutrophils often seen with left shift

Question 10

Leukemoid reaction

Answer 10

WBC count of >50,000 with increased neutrophils without leukemia

Question 11

What can cause leukemoid reaction?

Answer 11

Infection, drugs, carcinomas

Question 12

Three phases of CML

Answer 12

1. Chronic phase
2. Accelerated phase: 10-19% blasts in blood/BM
3. Blast phase: >20% blasts in blood/BM

Question 13

Causes of eosinophilic vs basophilic leukocytosis vs monocytosis

Answer 13

1. Eosinophilic leukocytosis: allergies, parasites
2. Basophilic leukocytosis: rare but can be seen in leukemia
3. Monocytosis: atypical bacterial infections, autoimmune dz

Question 14

Five overview steps of primary hemostasis

Answer 14

1. Primary plug formation to seal vasculature
2. Platelets bind GP1B to vWF on collagen
3. Platelets change shape -> release ADP and thromboxane A2
4. ADP and TXA2 cause additional platelet activation
5. Fibrinogen binds GPIIB-IIIA receptor -> aggregation