7: Gram Positive Bacteria Flashcards
What does it mean to be catalase and coagulase positive?
Catalase: can break down H2O2
Coagulase: can break down fibrin clots
Name some proteins that staph aureus utilizes?
Hemolysins, leukocidins, penicillinase, protein A, hyaluronidase, staphylokinase, lipase
MRSA stands for?
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
What type of exotoxin causes scarlet fever?
Pyrogenic exotoxin - only seen in strains of strep pyogenes that produce the toxin
Confirmatory test for both post-strep glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever
Abs to streptolysin O and DNase B
Three major organisms that cause neonatal meningitis
- Strep agalactiae
- Listeria monocytogenes
- E. Coli
Quellung reaction
Causes capsules of strep pneumoniae to swell up
Bacteria that is optochin sensitive
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Most common cause of community acquired PNA
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Predominant cell type in bacterial vs viral meningitis
Bacterial: neutrophils
Viral: lymphocytes
Three most common causes of otitis media
- Strep pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
What type of bacteria are most troublesome in Asplenic/hyposplenic patients? What are the three main ones?
Encapsulated bacteria:
- Strep pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Neisseria meningitis
HÁČEK organisms
Five bacteria that are common mouth colonizers
Heat stabile vs heat labile toxins in bacillus cereus
Heat stabile form: more heat resistant, is typically not neutralized when reheating food
Is anthrax a death sentence?
No, is highly treatable now
Are clostridium aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic
DTAP vaccine
Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis
What bacteria causes “gas gangrene”?
Clostridium perfringens
An agar and medium commonly used to ID corynebacterium diphtheriae
Tellurite agar and Loeffler’s medium
Former name of Rhodococcus equi
Corynebacterium equi
Why should pregnant women avoid deli meats and soft cheeses?
Are 10x more likely to get listeria infections than non-pregnant individuals
Difference in ingestion for adult botulism and infantile botulism
Adult: ingestion of pre-formed toxins from bacteria in an anaerobic environment
Babies: ingestion of spores from honey, that can more easily flourish in bb’s GI tract whereas adults GI tract can defend against the spores
