8: Fungi

Question 1

Fungal hyphae

Answer 1

Filamentous multicellular structure -> can group together to form a mold

Question 2

Yeast

Answer 2

Unicellular budding form of fungi, can sometimes form pseudohyphae (chains of yeast)

Question 3

Spore

Answer 3

Reproductive single cell

Question 4

Thermally Dimorphic fungi

Answer 4

Can have two forms depending on temperature (ex: hyphal form at 77 degrees, yeast form at 98 degrees)

Question 5

How to dx superficial fungal infections

Answer 5

Skin scraping with KOH examination

Question 6

Sclerotic bodies + a condition in which they are found

Answer 6

Protective fungi form that is resistant to immune reaction - chromoblastomycosis

Question 7

Five common features of histoplasma, blastomyces, and coccidiodes

Answer 7

1. Thermally Dimorphic
2. Cause primary lung infections
3. Cause granulomas
4. Can spread hematogenously
5. Show increased eosinophils in the blood

Question 8

Bronchoalveolar lavage

Answer 8

Bronchoscope inserted to desired location in lungs, release saline into the area and recollect the effluent using a trap

Question 9

Two ways to dx cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 9

Bronchoalveolar lavage, lumbar puncture

Question 10

Staining for cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 10

India ink

Question 11

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis

Answer 11

Acute sinusitis and nasal congestion -> progresses to involve palate, orbit, and brain -> rapidly fatal if not treated

Question 12

Pulmonary mucormycosis

Answer 12

Nodular masses that look similar to invasive aspergillus, fever, hemoptysis

Question 13

S/s of pneumocystis jiroveci infection

Answer 13

Fever, SOA, non-productive cough

Question 14

Population affected by pneumocystis jiroveci

Answer 14

Immunocompromised, esp. AIDS

Question 15

What infection is very similar to Tb and is commonly misdiagnosed as such?

Answer 15

Nocardia asteroides (bacterial)