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CPR Exam 2 > Extras > Flashcards

Extras Flashcards

1
Q

Nl minute ventilation

A

7L/min (14 rr x 500 ml)

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2
Q

FEV1, FVC, and the ratio in restrictive vs obstructive disease

A

Restrictive: low, low, nl
Obstructive: low, nl, low

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3
Q

Intrapleural pressure at rest vs between inspiration and expiration

A

Rest: -5

Between insp and exp: -8

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4
Q

Defective enzyme in PKU

A

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

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5
Q

Defective enzyme in alkaptonuria

A

Homogentisate oxidase

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6
Q

Ferric reductase vs ferroxidase

A

Ferric reductase: Fe3 -> Fe2

Ferroxidase: Fe2 -> Fe3

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7
Q

Two areas that determine frequency vs tidal volume

A

Frequency: Pre-Botz, PRG

Tidal volume: DRG, VRG

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8
Q

Rostral vs caudal VRG

A

Rostral: premotor to phrenic
Caudal: premotor to upper airway and expiratory muscles

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9
Q

SARs, RARs, and J receptors: location and what they sense and the effect

A

SARS: airways, stretch, stop inspiration + prolong inspiration in infants and during exercise
RARs: airways, irritation, cough for protection
J receptors: alveoli, pulmonary edema, tachypnea and dry cough for protein

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10
Q

How long RBC spends in lung, how long O2 requires to reach equilibrium and how long CO2 requires

A

RBC in lung: 0.75 sec
O2 requires: 0.25 sec
CO2 requires: almost immediate

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11
Q

The negative startling force in the lungs and why

A

Tissue hydrostatic pressure - bc negative intrapleural pressure

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12
Q

DCs produce which cytokines to stimulate Th17 vs Th1 production?

A

Th17: IL-1, 6, TGF-B
Th1: IL-12

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13
Q

Hyperacute, acute, and chronic HVGD mechanisms

A

Hyperacute: pre-formed Abs
Acute: direct allorecognition
Chronic: indirect allorecognition

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14
Q

Order of the tubules of the kidney

A

Proximal convoluted -> prox straight -> thin loop of Henle -> distal straight -> distal convoluted -> CDs

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15
Q

Tubule histo: prox and distal vs thin loop of henle

A

Prox and distal tubules: simple cuboidal

Thin loop of Henle: simple squamous

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16
Q

Where is brush border found in kidney tubules?

A

Prox tubule

17
Q

Charge of the glomerular BM and glycocalyx

A

Negative

18
Q

Adrenergic receptor that causes renin release

A

B1

19
Q

Main causes for all six types of dehydration

A
  1. Iso contraction: acute fluid loss (V/D, burn, hemorrhage)
  2. Hyper contraction: DM, diabetes insipidus, sweating
  3. Hypo contraction: adrenal insufficiency
  4. Iso expansion: NS IV
  5. Hyper expansion: high salt intake
  6. Hypo expansion: SAIDH
20
Q

What does increased BP cause in autoregulation of renal blood flow?

A

Afferent constriction + efferent dilation

21
Q

Only things secreted in prox tubule and thick ascending limb

A

Prox: H
TAL: K

22
Q

Na/K ATPase in all parts of the tubule besides CDs

A

Na into cap, K into cell

23
Q

Aldosterone vs ADH fxs

A

Aldosterone: increase ENaCs in Principle cells
ADH: AQPs in principal cells, urea permeability in CDs, NKCCs in TAL

24
Q

Origin of metanephric blastema and ureteric bud

A

Metanephric blastema: nephrogenic cord

Ureteric bud: mesonephric duct

25
Q

Origin of adrenal cortex vs medulla

A

Cortex: Coelomic epithelium
Medulla: NCCs

26
Q

Two issues with nitrogen while deep sea diving

A
  1. More dissolves into plasma

2. If ascending too quickly, dissolved N will become gasseous in blood vessels

27
Q

Anion gap equation

A

Na - (Cl + HCO3)

28
Q

Henderson Hasselbalch equation

A

PH = 6.1 + log (HCO3/0.03PCO2)

29
Q

Location and cause of type 1-3 renal tubular acidosis

A

1: distal tubules: failure to secrete H
2. Prox tubules: failure to reabsorb bicab
3. Adrenal glands: aldosterone deficiency or resistance

30
Q

Saying for all types of acid-base disturbance causes

A
  1. Resp acidosis: CANS
  2. Resp alkalosis: CHAMPS
  3. Meta acidosis: GOLDMARK, HARDUPS
  4. Meta alkalosis: CLEVER PD
31
Q

Muscarinic receptors found in heart vs endothelium vs lungs

A

Heart: M2
Endothelium: M3
Lungs: M2, M3

CPR Exam 2 (22 decks)

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