4: Gas Transport And Erythrocytes

Question 1

What % of blood do erythrocytes (hematocrit) make up in women, men, and newborns?

Answer 1

Women: 40%
Men: 45%
Newborn: 55%

Question 2

Three functions of RBCs

Answer 2

1. Carry O2 from lungs to body
2. Carry CO2 from body to lungs
3. acid/base buffering

Question 3

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

Answer 3

Red bone marrow

Question 4

Where does erythrocytes breakdown occur?

Answer 4

Macrophages of spleen, liver, and red bone marrow

Question 5

Erythropoeisis

Answer 5

Reticulocytes -> erythrocytes -> enter into circulation and mature based on O2 demand

Question 6

Principle regulator of erythropoeisis

Answer 6

EPO: erythropoietin

Question 7

What produces EPO and in repsonse to what?

Answer 7

Kidneys; due to anemia, low Hb, low RBF, central hypoxia

Question 8

What regulates EPO?

Answer 8

HIF: hypoxia Inducible factor

Question 9

HbA vs HbF chains

Answer 9

HbA: 2 a + 2 B
HbF: 2 a + 2 y

Question 10

Channel for CO2 to enter a cell

Answer 10

AQP1

Question 11

Chloride shift / Hamburger effect

Answer 11

When carbonic anhydrase forms bicarb in a cell, Cl concurrently leaves the cell

Question 12

What causes increase in 2,3-BPG

Answer 12

Low O2 in RBCs that are stimulating glycolysis

Question 13

CO poisoning mechanism

Answer 13

CO will replace one O2 molecule from a fully saturated Hb -> reduces binding capacity for O2

Question 14

Symptoms of CO poisoning (mild)

Answer 14

HA, N/V

Question 15

Treatment for severe CO poisoning

Answer 15

Breathe hyperbaric 100% O2 to displace CO and speed up washout process

Question 16

Difference between arterial blood O2 content vs venous blood O2 content math

Answer 16

20ml O2/100ml blood - 15 -> 5 ml O2 / 100 ml blood

Question 17

Haldane effect

Answer 17

As O2 levels attached to Hb fall, CO2 levels increase

Question 18

Four erythropoiesis requirements

Answer 18

1. Adequate nutrition
2. Vitamin B12
3. Folate (B9)
4. Fe

Question 19

Fe deficiency vs deficient iron transport anemia’s

Answer 19

Fe deficiency: microcytic anemia

Fe transport deficiency: hypochromic anemia

Question 20

Most common cause of anemia worldwide

Answer 20

Fe deficiency

Question 21

What happens to Hb-O2 curve with anemia?

Answer 21

1/2 blood -> 1/2 Hb concentration -> 1/2 blood O2 concentration, but saturation does not change

Question 22

How much CO2 is carried in the blood

Answer 22

About 50 ml CO2 / 100 ml blood