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CPR Exam 2 > 8: Renal Anat And Histo > Flashcards

8: Renal Anat And Histo Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal levels of the kidney

A

T12-L3

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2
Q

Which kidney is slightly lower and why?

A

Right, due to liver

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3
Q

What plane runs thru superior pole of right kidney, and what level is that at?

A

Transpyloric plane, L1

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4
Q

What artery do the ureters cross?

A

Common iliac

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5
Q

Three points of constriction of the ureters (where stones may get stuck)

A
  1. Uretopelvic junction
  2. Over common iliac
  3. Uretovesical junction
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6
Q

Renal blood flow from aorta to IVC (15 vessels)

A
  1. Aorta
  2. Renal artery
  3. Segmental artery
  4. Interlobar artery
  5. Arcuate artery
  6. Interlobular artery
  7. Afferent arterioles
  8. Glomerulus
  9. Efferent arterioles
  10. Peritubular caps/vasa recta
  11. Interlobular veins
  12. Arcuate veins
  13. Interlobar veins
  14. Renal vein
  15. IVC
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7
Q

Sympathetics to the kidney

A

Renal plexus -> lesser, least, and lumbar splanchnic nerves

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8
Q

Where do lesser and least splanchnic nerves synapse?

A

Aorticorenal ganglion

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9
Q

Parasymp innervation to kidney

A

Vagus N

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10
Q

Path from renal papilla to ureter (6 steps)

A
  1. Renal papilla
  2. Minor calyces
  3. Major calyces
  4. Renal sinus
  5. Renal pelvis
  6. Ureter
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11
Q

Contents of cortex vs medulla

A

Cortex: renal corpuscles, convoluted and straight tubules, portion of CDs
Medulla: renal columns, renal pyramids

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12
Q

Cortical (medullary) rays

A

Aggregations of CDs and straight tubules between corpuscles within the cortex

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13
Q

Renal interstitium

A

Fibroblasts that produce erythropoietin depending on O2 levels

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14
Q

Cortical labyrinth

A

Between medullary rays, contain renal corpuscles, convoluted tubules, and CDs

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15
Q

Uriniferous tubule

A

Nephron + collecting tubule

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16
Q

What is a nephron made up of

A

Renal corpuscle + renal tubules

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17
Q

Mesangial cells are like what?

A

Pericytes

18
Q

Where are mesangial cells?

A

In renal corpuscles, enclosed in the glomerular basement membrane

19
Q

Four functions of mesangium

A
  1. Phagocytosis/endocytosis of debris
  2. Structural support
  3. Secretion
  4. Modulation of glomerular distention (contractile)
20
Q

What does prolif of mesangium mean?

A

Certain kidney diseases

21
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons vs cortical nephrons: which have long vs short loops of Henle

A

Juxtamedullary: long
Cortical: shortical

22
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

Surround convoluted tubules with fenestrations to re-uptake water and salt

23
Q

Vasa recta

A

Surrounding LOH for countercurrent exchange and concentration

24
Q

Descending vs ascending vasa recta

A

Descending: continuous
Ascending: has fenestrations

25
Q

JGA function

A

BP regulation - activates RAAS

26
Q

Where is the JGA

A

Near vascular pole of renal corpuscle and terminal portion of distal straight tubule

27
Q

Macula densa cells

A

Chemo receptors in JGA that sense low Na -> trigger renin release

28
Q

Urothelium / transitional ep

A

Stratified with dome-shaped apical surfaces in an empty bladder

29
Q

Functions of transitional ep

A
  1. Impermeable to water

2. Accommodate to distention and flatten out

30
Q

Three layers of transitional ep and their functions

A
  1. Superficial: stretch and relax
  2. Intermediate: sliding
  3. Basal: stem cells
31
Q

Uroplakin

A

Form plaques in urothelium that prevent diffusion of urine into cells

32
Q

What are a series of uroplakin plaques called?

A

Fusiform vesicles

33
Q

Three ways reflux is prevented in ureters

A
  1. Bladder distention compresses ureters
  2. Contraction of SM of bladder compresses ureters
  3. Ureters enter into bladder obliquely
34
Q

Internal vs external urethral sphincter

A

Internal: around internal urethral orifice, involuntary
External: in membranous urethra, voluntary control

35
Q

Which sex’s urethra is shorter?

A

Female

36
Q

Three main segments of the male urethra + the histology involved

A
  1. Prostatic: urothelium
  2. membranous urethra: pseudostratified columnar
  3. Penile/spongy urethra: transitions to stratified squamous at the end
37
Q

Prostatic urethra: what enters here?

A

Ejaculatory ducts, many small prostatic ducts

38
Q

What does membranous urethra pass thru

A

Deep perineal pouch

39
Q

What surrounds the spongy urethra in males?

A

Corpus spongiosum

40
Q

What empties into the spongy urethra

A

Cowper’s glands, urethral glands

CPR Exam 2 (22 decks)

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