15: Renal Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is intermediate mesoderm located?

A

Immediately lateral to each somite

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2
Q

Ascent of the kidneys

A

Kidneys lie within pelvis, and gradually “ascend” into pelvis - dont actually move, but embryo lengthens

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3
Q

When are kidneys in adult positioning by?

A

9th week

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4
Q

Initial vs definitive blood supply to kidneys

A

Initial: from common iliacs
Definitive: abdominal aorta

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5
Q

Issues with having accessory renal vessels

A

Can obstruct ureter and lead to hydronephrosis

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6
Q

Which is more common, accessory renal arteries or veins?

A

Arteries (found in 25% of adults)

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7
Q

Structures formed from the ureteric bud vs metanephrines blastema

A

Ureteric bud -> ureter, renal pelvis, calyces, CDs

Metanephrines blastema -> Bowman’s capsule, prox tubule -> distal tubule

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8
Q

unilateral renal agenesis S/S and when to suspect it

A

Typically asymptomatic, suspected in infants with 1 umbilical artery

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9
Q

Bilateral renal agenesis

A

Results in oligohydramnios and is non-viable due to pulmonary hypoplasia

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10
Q

Incomplete and complete divisions in ureter duplications

A

Incomplete division -> divided kidney and bifid ureter

Complete division -> double kidney and bifid ureter or separate ureters

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11
Q

How does horseshoe kidney form?

A

Fusion of inferior poles to form isthmus between kidneys

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12
Q

Symptoms of horseshoe kidney

A

Typically asymptomatic but can be problematic in conditions like pregnancy

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13
Q

Why is the horseshoe kidney more inferiorly positioned?

A

Ascent is prevented by IMA

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14
Q

ARPKD: autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease presentation

A

S/S present before/shortly after birth, cysts present in both kidneys, renal insufficiency, 25% associated with pulmonary hypoplasia

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15
Q

Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

A

Multiple non-communicating cysts of varying size on the kidney, likely due to dilations of the loop of Henle

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16
Q

What does the vesical part of the urogenital sinus form?

A

Urinary bladder

17
Q

What forms bladder epithelium?

18
Q

What forms bladder submucosa and muscularis?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

19
Q

What forms the bladder trigone area?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

20
Q

What 2 things does the allantois form in the bladder?

A

Urachus, median umbilical ligament

21
Q

Exstrophy of the bladder

A

Defective closure of ventral abdominal wall -> exposure of mucosa of the posterior wall of the bladder

22
Q

When does exstrophy of the bladder occur?

A

During body folding, 4th week

23
Q

Urachal cyst

A

Remnants of epithelial lining of urachus that can become infected and enlarged

24
Q

Urachal sinus

A

End of the urachus remains open into the bladder or umbilicus

25
Urachal fistula
Entire urachus remains patent and allows urine to escape from umbilical orifice
26
Three urachal anomalies
Urachal cysts, urachal sinus, urachal fistula