Extraneous Variables & Internal Validity: RM

Question 1

What are Extraneous Variables?

Answer 1

Any variables that aren’t being measured, causing an effect the DV (not the IV).

Question 2

What is a Participant Variable?

Answer 2

Individual differences of the participant that might impact the DV (e.g. height, gender, age, intelligence)

Question 3

What is a Situational variable?

Answer 3

Factors in the environment that can unintentionally affect the DV (e.g. room temperature, background noise)

Question 4

What are Demand Characteristics?

Answer 4

PARTICIPANTS guess the aim of the study and change their behaviour.
- please the researcher= ‘please-me effect’
- frustrate the researcher= ‘screw-you effect’

Question 5

What is the Investigator effect?

Answer 5

RESEARCHER consciously or unconsciously effect the outcome of the experiment.

Question 6

How can the researcher impact an investigation through investigator effects?

Answer 6

• Deliberate cheating
• Physical Characteristics (intimidation in looks)
• Communication (verbal vs non-verbal)
• Bias analysis

Question 7

What is the Order effects?

Answer 7

When participants responses to the investigation are affected by the order of the conditions of which they are exposed to.

Question 8

What is Internal Validity?

Answer 8

Confidence that a study shows cause and effect.