Extraction and uses of metal

Question 1

What is an ore?

Answer 1

rock that contains enough of the metal to make it worthwhile extracting

Question 2

What is an Iron ore called?

Answer 2

Haematite

Question 3

What is an aluminium ore called?

Answer 3

bauxite

Question 4

How is metal extracted from an ore?

Answer 4

electrolysis or uses more reactive material

Question 5

How is Potassium to Aluminium extracted?

Answer 5

Electrolysis of the molten chloride or oxide

Question 6

How is Zinc to Copper extracted?

Answer 6

heating with a reducing agent such as carbon or carbon monoxide in a blast furnace

Question 7

What is added into the top of a blast furnace?

Answer 7

Iron core, Coke (impure form of Carbon) and limestone

Question 8

What happens in Zone 1 of the Furnace?

Answer 8

Coke burns in the hot air forming carbon dioxide. The reaction is exothermic so it gives off heat, heating the furnace

Question 9

What happens in Zone 2 of the Furnace?

Answer 9

At the high temperatures in the furnace, more coke reacts with carbon dioxide forming carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide has been reduced to carbon monoxide

Question 10

What happens in Zone 3 of the Furnace?

Answer 10

Carbon monoxide reduces the iron(III) oxide in the iron ore to form iron. This will melt and collect at the bottom of the furnace, where it is tapped off

Question 11

How are impurities removed from the furnace?

Answer 11

Limestone (calcium carbonate) is added to the furnace to remove acidic impurities in the ore. The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. Calcium oxide reacts with the silicon dioxide, which is an impurity in the iron ore, to form calcium silicate by neutralisation. Melts and collects as a molten slag floating on top of the molten iron, which is tapped off separately

Question 12

How is Aluminium extracted?

Answer 12

Electrolysis

Question 13

How is aluminium oxide achieved?

Answer 13

Purifying the Bauxite

Question 14

What happens to the aluminium oxide

Answer 14

dissolved in molten cryolite as aluminium oxide has high melting point

Question 15

In electrolysis reaction of Aluminium, what happens at the Cathode?

Answer 15

Aluminium ions gain electrons, Molten aluminium forms at the bottom of the cell, The molten aluminium is siphoned off from time to time and fresh aluminium oxide is added to the cell

Question 16

In electrolysis reaction of Aluminium, what happens at the Anode?

Answer 16

Oxide ions lose electrons, Oxygen is produced at the anode

Question 17

What happens to the carbon in the graphite?

Answer 17

reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide

Question 18

What is the downside of electrolysis

Answer 18

very expensive

Question 19

What is Aluminium used for?

Answer 19

Aircraft bodies, saucepans, Food cans

Question 20

What is Copper used for?

Answer 20

Electrical Wiring, Water Pipes

Question 21

What is iron used for?

Answer 21

Building material, Catalyst

Question 22

What is an alloy?

Answer 22

Mixture of two or more metals or metal with non-metal

Question 23

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Answer 23

Contain atoms of different sizes which distorts the regular arrangements of atoms so it is more difficult for the layers of atoms to slide over each other

Question 24

What properties can alloys have that are different to metals they contain?

Answer 24

stronger and harder, resistant to corrosion or extreme temperatures

Question 25

What is brass?

Answer 25

Alloy with 70% copper 30% Zinc