extra for task 1 bio + textbook questions Flashcards
Define biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variability of life on Earth
Define DNA profiling
DNA profiling is a technique used to identify an individual by comparing an unknown sample of DNA with known DNA profiles.
Define DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing refers to the methods and technologies used to determine the orders of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule.
State the charge on a DNA molecule
It is negatively charged
Define the function of agarose gel in gel electrophoresis
Acts as a molecular sieve, separating DNA fragments.
How does PCR and gel electrophoresis link?
PCR amplifies DNA, creating enough copies for analysis. Gel electrophoresis then separates and visualises the PCR products by size, confirming successful DNA amplification.
Why is a ladder used in gel electrophoresis?
a DNA ladder acts as a size reference, helping estimate the sizes of unknown DNA fragments by comparing their migration to known fragment sizes in the ladder (check figure 6.29 pg184)
Define STR’s
STR’s (or short tandem repeats) are region of DNA where short sequences of nucleotides are repeated multiple times
How are STR’s used in PCR for identification and why is it used?
In PCR, STR’s are amplified to analyse the number of repeats, which vary between individuals. This variation is used for DNA profiling and identification.
Name the machine used in PCR
a thermocycler
What is gel electrophoresis used for?
DNA profiling
What is PCR used for?
To amplify DNA
What are the 3 R’s (ethics)?
-Reduction
-Replacement
-Refinement
