Chapter 4.3 Mutations Cause Variation ✓

Question 1

Define spontaneous mutations

Answer 1

A mutation occurring natrually without the influence of external mutagens

Question 2

Define mutagens

Answer 2

An agent capable of inducing mutations

Question 3

Define mutation

Answer 3

A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene

Question 4

Describe two differences between when a mutation produces a dominant allele and when a mutation produces a recessive allele

Answer 4

Dominant mutation
-Only one mutated allele is needed to affect the phenotype
-Often results in a gain of function
Recessive mutation
-Both alleles must be mutated for the phenotype to appear
-Usually causes a loss of function

Question 5

Differentiate between mutations that occur in somatic cells and mutations that occur in germline cells

Answer 5

Somatic cell mutations
-Occurs in body cells
-Non inherited
-Can lead to diseases like cancer if they affect cell growth or division
-Mutations are limited to the affected tissue or organs

Germline cell mutations
-Occurs in reproductive cells
-Can be inherited by offspring
-Can result in genetic disorders or traits in the next generation
-Passed in to every cell of the resulting organism