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Opthamology > Extra Clinical in Opthamology > Flashcards

Extra Clinical in Opthamology Flashcards

1
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

dry mouth

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2
Q

What is proliferative retinopathy?

A

when fragile new blood vessels grow on retina and vitreoius humour

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3
Q

What is the difference in the defect of the vision when a lesion is the occipital cortex rather than in the optic tract?

A

lesions of occipital cortex are CONGROUS and SPARE THE MACULA, lesions in the optic tract do not

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4
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

A

chronic hyperglycaemia - glycolysation of basement membrane - loss of pericytes - microaneurysm - leakage or ischaemia

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5
Q

What is optic neuritis commonly caused by?

A

MS

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6
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

uncontrolled movement of eyes

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7
Q

Which of the nerve palsies carries a ptosis>

A

3rd

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8
Q

What does a painful third nerve palsy suggest?

A

aneurysm

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9
Q

In which direction will a 4th nerve palsy head tilt be?

A

away from affected side

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10
Q

What will a 6th nerve palsy cause?

A

unable to abduct affected eye

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11
Q

Which external oculomotor muscle does the 6th cranial nerve supply?

A

lateral rectus

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12
Q

How can intracranial pressure cause 6th nerve palsy?

A

because 6th cranial nerve hooks around petrous part of temporal bone

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13
Q

What does raised ICP look like on fundoscopy?

A

papilloedema

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14
Q

Which arteritis can cause optic neuropathy?

A

giant cell arteritis

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15
Q

Which other symptom goes along with vision loss in wet macular degeneration?

A

distortion

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16
Q

Treatment for wet macular degeneration?

A

Anti VEGF

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17
Q

Why should the red reflexes of neonates be checked?

A

they may have cataracts caused by intra uterine infection

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18
Q

What type of eye disease is acne rosacea associated with?

A

posterior blepharitis

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19
Q

What type of blephartis is a disease of the meimbonian glands?

A

posterior

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20
Q

What type of blephartis is a disease of the meibonian glands?

A

posterior

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21
Q

1st line for blepharitis?

A

lid hygeine

22
Q

What type of anterior blepharitis causes distortion of lashes?

A

staphylococcal

23
Q

What is chemosis?

A

conjunctival oedema

24
Q

Which lymph nodes will be raised in conjunctivitis?

A

pre auricular

25
Q

Name for a collection of inflammatory cells in anterior chamber of eye?

A

hypopyon

26
Q

Where would an autoimmune corneal ulcer be?

A

periphery or cornea

27
Q

Which type of malignancy can cause anterior uveitis?

A

leukemia

28
Q

What name is given to the condition where the iris adheres to the cornea, causing a small/irregular pupil?

A

synechiea

29
Q

What are mydriatics?

A

pupil dilators

30
Q

What eye condition is associated with gout?

A

episcleritis

31
Q

Which is more serious, episcleritis or scleritis?

A

scleritis

32
Q

Best test for scleritis?

A

phenylephrine test

33
Q

In which bone is the superior orbital fissure?

A

sphenoid

34
Q

Which bone makes up the majority of the roof of the orbit?

A

frontal bone

35
Q

Which structures protect the eye from direct blows that are from objects larger than the orbit?

A

superior and inferior orbital margins

36
Q

Which structures are most commonly affected in an orbital blowout fracture?

A

medial wall or orbit and orbital floor

37
Q

What can a fractured zygoma damage?

A

infraorbital neurovascular bundle

38
Q

What does damage to the infraorbital neurovascular bundle result in?

A

general sensory defecit of facial skin

39
Q

Medical term for eyelid?

A

palpebra

40
Q

What muscle is the sphincter of the eye/eyelid muscle?

A

orbicularis oculi

41
Q

What do the fibres of the orbicularis oculi SURROUNDING the eye do?

A

screw up eye

42
Q

What are the fibres of the orbicularis oculi WITHIN the eye for?

A

blinking

43
Q

What is the name for the fascia attaching to the periphery of the orbital rim?

A

orbital septum

44
Q

What is the purpose of the orbital septum

A

Prevents spread of infection from superficial to deep

45
Q

What muscle raised the upper eyelid?

A

levator palpabre superioris

46
Q

What type of muscle fibres does the levator palpabre superioris contain?

A

skeletal and smooth

47
Q

Purpose of palpabre ligaments?

A

attach eyelid to orbital rim

48
Q

Where is the conjunvita reflected off the sclero and onto the internal aspect of the eyelid?

A

conjunctival fornix

49
Q

Where does the lacrimal gland get its nerve supply?

A

cranial nerve VII

50
Q

What type of nerve supply is the lacrimal gland’s?

A

parasympathetic

51
Q

What connects the orbit to the lacrimal sac?

A

lacrimal canaliculi

52
Q

Where is the lacrimal sac?

A

superior end of nasolacrimal duct

Opthamology (22 decks)

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