Extra Clinical in Opthamology

Question 1

What is xerostomia?

Answer 1

dry mouth

Question 2

What is proliferative retinopathy?

Answer 2

when fragile new blood vessels grow on retina and vitreoius humour

Question 3

What is the difference in the defect of the vision when a lesion is the occipital cortex rather than in the optic tract?

Answer 3

lesions of occipital cortex are CONGROUS and SPARE THE MACULA, lesions in the optic tract do not

Question 4

Describe the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

Answer 4

chronic hyperglycaemia - glycolysation of basement membrane - loss of pericytes - microaneurysm - leakage or ischaemia

Question 5

What is optic neuritis commonly caused by?

Answer 5

MS

Question 6

What is nystagmus?

Answer 6

uncontrolled movement of eyes

Question 7

Which of the nerve palsies carries a ptosis>

Answer 7

3rd

Question 8

What does a painful third nerve palsy suggest?

Answer 8

aneurysm

Question 9

In which direction will a 4th nerve palsy head tilt be?

Answer 9

away from affected side

Question 10

What will a 6th nerve palsy cause?

Answer 10

unable to abduct affected eye

Question 11

Which external oculomotor muscle does the 6th cranial nerve supply?

Answer 11

lateral rectus

Question 12

How can intracranial pressure cause 6th nerve palsy?

Answer 12

because 6th cranial nerve hooks around petrous part of temporal bone

Question 13

What does raised ICP look like on fundoscopy?

Answer 13

papilloedema

Question 14

Which arteritis can cause optic neuropathy?

Answer 14

giant cell arteritis

Question 15

Which other symptom goes along with vision loss in wet macular degeneration?

Answer 15

distortion

Question 16

Treatment for wet macular degeneration?

Answer 16

Anti VEGF

Question 17

Why should the red reflexes of neonates be checked?

Answer 17

they may have cataracts caused by intra uterine infection

Question 18

What type of eye disease is acne rosacea associated with?

Answer 18

posterior blepharitis

Question 19

What type of blephartis is a disease of the meimbonian glands?

Answer 19

posterior

Question 20

What type of blephartis is a disease of the meibonian glands?

Answer 20

posterior

Question 21

1st line for blepharitis?

Answer 21

lid hygeine

Question 22

What type of anterior blepharitis causes distortion of lashes?

Answer 22

staphylococcal

Question 23

What is chemosis?

Answer 23

conjunctival oedema

Question 24

Which lymph nodes will be raised in conjunctivitis?

Answer 24

pre auricular

Question 25

Name for a collection of inflammatory cells in anterior chamber of eye?

Answer 25

hypopyon

Question 26

Where would an autoimmune corneal ulcer be?

Answer 26

periphery or cornea

Question 27

Which type of malignancy can cause anterior uveitis?

Answer 27

leukemia

Question 28

What name is given to the condition where the iris adheres to the cornea, causing a small/irregular pupil?

Answer 28

synechiea

Question 29

What are mydriatics?

Answer 29

pupil dilators

Question 30

What eye condition is associated with gout?

Answer 30

episcleritis

Question 31

Which is more serious, episcleritis or scleritis?

Answer 31

scleritis

Question 32

Best test for scleritis?

Answer 32

phenylephrine test

Question 33

In which bone is the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 33

sphenoid

Question 34

Which bone makes up the majority of the roof of the orbit?

Answer 34

frontal bone

Question 35

Which structures protect the eye from direct blows that are from objects larger than the orbit?

Answer 35

superior and inferior orbital margins

Question 36

Which structures are most commonly affected in an orbital blowout fracture?

Answer 36

medial wall or orbit and orbital floor

Question 37

What can a fractured zygoma damage?

Answer 37

infraorbital neurovascular bundle

Question 38

What does damage to the infraorbital neurovascular bundle result in?

Answer 38

general sensory defecit of facial skin

Question 39

Medical term for eyelid?

Answer 39

palpebra

Question 40

What muscle is the sphincter of the eye/eyelid muscle?

Answer 40

orbicularis oculi

Question 41

What do the fibres of the orbicularis oculi SURROUNDING the eye do?

Answer 41

screw up eye

Question 42

What are the fibres of the orbicularis oculi WITHIN the eye for?

Answer 42

blinking

Question 43

What is the name for the fascia attaching to the periphery of the orbital rim?

Answer 43

orbital septum

Question 44

What is the purpose of the orbital septum

Answer 44

Prevents spread of infection from superficial to deep

Question 45

What muscle raised the upper eyelid?

Answer 45

levator palpabre superioris

Question 46

What type of muscle fibres does the levator palpabre superioris contain?

Answer 46

skeletal and smooth

Question 47

Purpose of palpabre ligaments?

Answer 47

attach eyelid to orbital rim

Question 48

Where is the conjunvita reflected off the sclero and onto the internal aspect of the eyelid?

Answer 48

conjunctival fornix

Question 49

Where does the lacrimal gland get its nerve supply?

Answer 49

cranial nerve VII

Question 50

What type of nerve supply is the lacrimal gland's?

Answer 50

parasympathetic

Question 51

What connects the orbit to the lacrimal sac?

Answer 51

lacrimal canaliculi

Question 52

Where is the lacrimal sac?

Answer 52

superior end of nasolacrimal duct