Clinical Presentation in Opthamology

Question 1

sudden, profound visual loss, painless, pale retina seen

Answer 1

central retinal artery occlusion

Question 2

Acute, unilateral, painless, partial visual loss

Answer 2

branch retinal artery occlusion

Question 3

transient, painless visual loss, like curtain coming down, 5 mins then full recovery

Answer 3

Amaeurosis fugax

Question 4

central retinal vein occlusion

Answer 4

sudden visual loss, retinal haemorrhages seen, dilated tortuous veins

Question 5

sudden, irreversible blindness, headache (usually temporal), jaw claudication, scalp tenderness (painful to comb hair), amaurosis fugax, malaise

Answer 5

arteritic ION

Question 6

loss of vision and floaters, caused by bleeding from blood vessels

Answer 6

vitreous haemorrhage

Question 7

painless loss of vision, sudden onset of flashes and floaters

Answer 7

retinal detachment

Question 8

gradual vision loss, many different types

Answer 8

cataract

Question 9

more rapid visual loss and distortion

Answer 9

wet age related macular degeneration

Question 10

gradual decline in central vision, commonest cause of blindness in western world in patients over 65

Answer 10

dry age related macular degeneration

Question 11

often no symptoms, optician screening important. increasd intraocular pressure, a cupped disc, visual field defect

Answer 11

open angle glaucoma

Question 12

red, sticky eye, foreign body sensation, pre auricular glands if viral

Answer 12

conjunctivitis

Question 13

needle like pain, severe photophobia, profuse lacrimation, reduced vision, corneal oacity, staining with fluroscein, hypopyon

Answer 13

corneal ulcers

if Herpes simplex, dendritic ulcer

Question 14

Pain and referred pain, reduced vision, photophobia, red eye

Answer 14

anterior uveitis

Question 15

Acute onset, mild pain, local or diffuse red eye, normal vision

Answer 15

episcleritis

Question 16

Very painful injection of deep vascular plexus, see violaceous hue

Answer 16

scleritis

Question 17

severe pain and nausea, circumcorneal injection, pupil mid dilated, eye stony hard

Answer 17

acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 18

sudden onset of unilateral swelling in conjunctiva and lids, proptosis, pain with movement of eye, restriction of eye movements, blurred vision, reduced vascular acuity, double vision, fever

Answer 18

orbital cellulitis

Question 19

acute onset of unilateral swelling in conjunctiva and lids, fever, ptosis

Answer 19

preseptal cellulitis

Question 20

inflammation of eye lid

Answer 20

blepharitis

Question 21

impaired horizontal eye movement with weak abduction of affected eye and nystagmus of contraleteral eye

Answer 21

inter-nuclea opthalmoplegia

Question 22

unable to abduct the affected eye

Answer 22

6th nerve palsy

Question 23

patients often adopt head tilit, away from affected side to reduce diplopia

Answer 23

4th nerve palsy

Question 24

initial sign is often fixed dilated pupil which doesn’t accommodate, then a ptosis develops

Answer 24

3rd nerve palsy

Question 25

triad of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia and rheumatoid artritis

Answer 25

Sjogren’s syndrome