Extra Flashcards
What are flashbacks?
Type of pseudohallucination
May be present in PTSD
What is oculogyric crisis?
Dystonic reaction to certain drugs
Including antipsychotics
Prolonged involuntary upward deviation of eyes
What can benzodiazepines cause as a side effect?
Resp depression
What is zopiclone?
Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic
Acts on GABA receptor to stimulate GABA
How do benzodiazepines work?
Directly stimulate GABA
Diazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam
What are elementary hallucinations?
Simple unstructured sounds
i.e. whistle
Which antipsychotic can cause neutropenia?
Clozapine (agranulocytosis)
Rarely in carbamazepine
What are common MAOIs?
Isocarboxazid
Phenelzine
Selegiline
Tranylcypromine
What causes hyperprolatinaemia? (pathway)
Blockage of tuberoinfundibular pathway
In this pathway prolactin release is inhibited by dopamine so blockage of this pathway can cause hyperprolactinaemia
What symptoms does the mesolimbic pathway produce?
Increased dopamine produces positive symptoms in Schizophrenia
What symptoms foes mesocortical pathway produce?
Decreased dopamine produces negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Where do TCAs act?
Pre-synaptic neurone
What passes through GABA channels?
Chloride ions
What can occur metabolically in bulimia/anorexia nervosa as a result of induced vomiting?
Metabolic alkalosis - loss acid
Hypokalaemia - due to alkalosis raising potassium excretion
Hypochloraemia - loss of HCl
Which antipsychotics cause extrapyramidal side effects?
Typical antipsychotics
- haloperidol
- fluphenazine
- chlorpromazine
- droperidol
- thiothixene
What are extrapyramidal side effects?
Tremor
Slurred speech
akathisia
Dystonia
What are some atypical antipsychotics?
Clozapine Risperidone Sulpiride Olanzapine Quetiapine Seroquel
Why is bupropion not used as an antidepressant in anorexia/bulimia?
Increased seizure risk
What are features of Korsakoff’f syndrome?
A complication of Wernicke’s encephalopathy
- retrograde amnesia
- anterograde amnesia
- confabulation
What are features features of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
ataxia, opthalmoplegia, confusion
What is passivity?
Belief that your movements/sensations are caused by an external force
