Affective Disorders Flashcards
What are mood disorders?
disorders of mental status and function where altered mood is a core feature
term referring to states of depression and elevated mood (mania)
Commonest of mental disorders and can be secondary to other conditions
What is the ICD 10 classification system?
International Classification of Diseases-10
For mental and behavioural disorders
What is dysthymia?
Below threshold presentation of depression
When does a normal mood become a disorder?
No clear division
Often a matter of perspective but emphasis on
- persistence of symptoms
- pervasiveness of symptoms
- degree of impairment
- presence of specific symptoms or signs
What are the three spheres of depressive symptoms?
Psychological
Physical
Social
What are psychological symptoms of depression?
Change in mood; depression, anxiety, perplexity
Change in thought content; guilt, hopelessness, worthlessness, neurotic symptomatology, ideas of reference, delusions/hallucinations (if severe)
What is anhedonia?
No longer experiencing pleasure from things that would normally give you pleasure or interest
What are physical symptoms of depression?
Change in bodily function
- energy, sleep, appetite, libido, constipation, pain
Change in psychomotor functioning
- agitation, retardation
What are social sphere symptoms of depression?
Loss of interests
Irritability
Apathy
Withdrawal, loss of confidence, indecisive
Loss of concentration, registration and memory
What are the requirements for diagnosis of a depressive disorder?
Last for at least two weeks
No hypomanic/manic episodes
Not attributable to psychoactive substance or organic mental disorder
If psychotic symtpoms or stupor;
- rule out other psychotic illnesses
- severe depression with psychotic symptoms if ruled out
What is somatic syndrome?
Marked anhedonia
Lack emotional reactions to events or activities
Waking 2hrs prior to normal
Depression worse in morning
Objective evidence psychomotor agitation or retardation
Marked loss appetite, weight loss and loss libido
what are some differential diagnoses for depression?
Normal reaction to life event SAD Dysthymia Cyclothymia Bipolar
Stroke, tumour, dementia
Hypothyroidism, Addison’s, hyperparathyroidism
Infections; influenza, infectious mononucleosis, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS
Drugs
How to measure depression/mania
SCID; Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorders
SCAN; Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry
What is mania?
state of feeling/mood that can range from near-normal to severe, life threatening illness
Rarely a symptom; often associated with grandiose ideas, disinhibition, loss of judgement
What are differential diagnoses for mania?
Psychiatric
- mixed affective state
- Schizoaffective disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Cyclothymia
- ADHD
- Drugs and Alcohol
Medical
- Stroke, MS, tumour, epilepsy, AIDS, neurosyphilis
Endocrine; Cushing’s, hyperthyroidism
SLE
