extra Flashcards
measures of dispersion
Overview of how spread out or scattered the values in a data set are.
range
• Difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset.
• Simplest measure of dispersion.
• Sensitive to outliers.
variance
• Average of the squared differences from the mean.
• Provides a measure of how data points differ from the mean.
• Higher variance indicates greater spread among data points.
population equation
sample equation
population variance
For data for every member of the population.
sample variance
For data only from a representative sample of the population.
standard deviation
• Square root of the variance.
• More interpretable than variance as it is in the same units as the data.
• Indicates the average distance of each data point from the mean.
• A large standard deviation indicates a large range in the data or outliers.
standard deviation equation
interquartile range
• Difference between the 75th percentile
(Q3) and the 25th percentile (Q1) in the dataset.
• Represents the middle 50% of the data.
• Less sensitive to outliers compared to range.
antibody structure
• Antibodies, also known as
immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped molecules.
• Made up of four polypeptide chains: two heavy chains and two light chains.
• The chains are linked by disulfide bonds.
variable and constant regions
• Arms: Variable regions, responsible for antigen binding. They are specific to antigens.
• Stem: Constant region, determining the mechanism of antigen disposal.
light chains
Two types, kappa (k) and lambda
heavy chains
Five main classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD), defining properties and function.
antisense drugs
RNA nucleotides that bind to mRNA.
triplex drugs
DNA nucleotides that bind to DNA forming a three-stranded helix.
