5- glycolysis

Question 1

information on glycolysis

Answer 1

• Takes place in the cytoplasm.
• The splitting of glucose.
• Doesn’t require oxygen, as it is an ancient pathway.
• Also occurs in anaerobic respiration.

Question 2

products from 1 glucose in glycolysis

Answer 2

• 2x ATP.
• 2x pyruvate (3C).
• 2x NADH

Question 3

NADH equation

Answer 3

Question 4

process of glycolysis

Answer 4

hexose phosphorylation -> lysis to form glycerate 3- phosphate -> oxidation of GP to form pyruvate

Question 5

hexose phosphorylation

Answer 5

Glucose is phosphorylated into glucose 6-phosphate. This step is catalysed by the enzyme hexokinase and consumes one
ATP, which provides the phosphate group and the energy necessary for the phosphorylation of the glucose molecule. This destabilises the compound and prevents it from leaving the cell.

Question 6

lysis to form glycerate 3-phosphate

Answer 6

• Glucose 6-phosphate is then rearranged into fructose 6-phosphate by phosphoglucose isomerase.
• Another ATP is used to convert fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, catalysed by
  phosphoructokinase.
• The fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is split into two three-carbon sugars DHAP and GALP. DHAP iS converted into GALP. The two GALP molecules are converted into glycerate 3-phosphate (GP).

Question 7

oxidation of GP to form pyruvate

Answer 7

• NADH production: In the process, 1 NAD+ is reduced to 1 NADH for each GP when it accepts electrons released during the oxidation of GP.
• ATP production: Subsequent steps in the pathway lead to the production of two ATP molecules for each GP (four ATPs in total, but net gain is two ATPs as two were used up in the previous steps).

Question 8

diagram of glycolysis

Answer 8