External Therapeutics Flashcards
Tennis Elbow
Main Merridian
LI
Tennis Elbow Sn/Sx
Pain: fluctuates, Close to LI 11 (bent elbow, halfway b/w lateral epichondyle and end of crease), increases with pressure or rotation
No swelling, often older patients/manual labourers/sports players
It’s really a bone thing
Tennis Elbow
Differential Dx
vs Golf Elbow/Student Elbow (Medial Epichondyle)
Tennis Elbow
Tx
LI 10, 11, 12 (3 needle technique), 1.5c needle or 1.2c perp
LI 4
Lu 5 (if tender near there, or pain referring downwards from shoulder), LI 15, SJ 14
Huatojiaji - Cervical, esp C4-C6 (golf elbow is C7-T1)
Yangming
Electro with 3 needle technique (hook up any two, or use one clip on two needles, and the other gets it’s own clip, stim 20 minutes till you can see needle jump, works especially well on Shi)
Warming Needle or Moxa until local turns red
Dr. Dong’s extra points technique - uses points close to bone, lines up 3 or 4 needles
Bone issue, so sometimes insert two needles just right on bone so 3 needle technique becomes 5 needles in a circle
Ashi Points
Bleeding:
Shi only, if really clear Ashi pts, 3-5 dots, can cup after pricking)
Auricular:
elbow, ear shenmen, liver
Herbal Plaster:
People with allergic constitutions may get skin changes, itching, burning, cooling, etc. Take it off after a couple hours if itching too much.
**Must tonify Qi and Blood - St 36, 25, Ren 4,6. **
Tennis Elbow
Education
Keep area warm (no ice)
Prevent EPF
Minimize movement of forearm
Need to continue Tx for at least 8x, even if pain is gone
Reynoad’s Disease
What is it
Vasospasm of small cutanious arteries
(nose, hands, feet)
Results in cyanotic, cold state of the skin
eg: hands turn pale/red/purple when they touch something cold, and then later they flush to warm.
Autoimmune disorder - often accompanied by Lupus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis, etc.
Triggers - stress, cold
Target- Young women
Reynoad’s
Triggers
Cold, Stress
Reynoad’s
Target
Young Women (often)
Reynoad’s
Sx
Attacks last minutes to 7 hours (fluctuating spasm)
Area blanches, then gets colour again but it’s red and throbs v.painfully
(blanch —>cyanotic (purple/blue) —> red)
Longstanding cases - skin becomes thin, shiny, smooth, tight, and may develop small painful ulcers
Often accompanied by Rheumatoid Arthritis, piano fingers (long, thin, flexible),
Reynoad’s
Complications
Recurrent attacks —> infection, gang green (very rare)
Reynoad’s Test
No test —> clinical Sx
Reynoad’s
TCM Dx
Yang Xu
Mingmen Fire Decline (plus invasion of cold blocks the circulation)
Reynoad’s
POT
Warm the meridian
Dispel Cold
Tonify Kidney Yang
Reynoad’s
Education
Keep warm!!!
Regulate Emotions - can be stress triggered (even just too happy)
Avoid overstrain
Quit smoking (nicotine can make the small blood vessels spasm)
Treat in summer since it’s a winter disease, and in summer the Yang comes back to superficial, so we can treat more effectively. Can even just rub pepper on hands often in summer). Tx in hottest time of summer (very, very hottest days).
Self moxa on SJ 4, St 36 20 to 30 minutes before bed for the patient. Warn them not to burn themselves, and to put out moxa stick in water, not just assume it’s done burning.
Inquiry
6 questions
O-onset
P - palliation (what makes it worse or better)
Q - quality (dull/burning/etc)
R - radiation
S - severity
T - timing
also - location, inducing factors, history, nature, severity, time, accompanying Sx
Diagnostic Steps
Inquiry
Observation
Palpation
Olfaction/ Listening (Aufaction?)
Observation
parts
Shen Bearing Skin Colour Collaterals Tongue
Palpation
parts
*start in pain-free area and move towards pain Skin Chest and Hypochondrium Hand and Foot Acupoints Auricular points Abdomen Pulse
Olfaction and Listening
parts
Chief Complaints Acute vs Chronic Natuer of pain progression and change of symptoms and such modalities to stop pain quickly
Modalities for Pain
Herbal Acup Moxa Auricular Cupping Guasha Heat and Cold complex Tuina Food
Prevention of Pain/Education
Regulate Emotions Health Education Avoid overstrain Exercise regularly Preventative herbs/acup
Bi Syndrome
Definition
Disease
“Closed, Blockage”
Obstruction of Qi and blood in the meridians and collaterals from EPF
Pain, mumbness, heavy sensation of body, limbs and joints, muscles, limitation of movement
Bi Syndrome
Manifestations
Pain
Numbness
Limitation of Movement (spleen-muscle/ kidney-bone/ liver-sinews)
Swelling and Deformity
Xu Qi
signs
Water retention (phlegm, blood stasis)
7 Needling Techniques
Successive Needling
Restorative Needling (relaxes muscles and tendons)
Uniform Needling (small circumference deep pain)
Superficial Needling
Short Thrust Needling
Shallow Needling
Muscle Needling
Successive Needling
how
why
Successively needle and remove ashi points along a line
Wandering Bi
Restorative Needling
how
why
Needle Perpendicularly, then remove and change direction to all four directions
Relaxes muscles and tendons
Uniform Needling
First needle into centre of pain, retain it. Then a needle on each side-within 2c, angled slightly towards centre needle
Small circumference, deep pain
Superficial Needling
One needle perp in centre, four shallow oblique around
Wide, shallow pain, Cold Bi
Short Thrust Needling
how
why
Insert at ashi, GENTLY hit bone repeatedly
Bone Bi
Shallow Needling
How
Why
Two needles superficially pointed towards pain
Atrophy, numbness, spasms from muscle or tendon Cold Bi
Muscle Needling
how
why
Needle Ashi, Origin, Insertion
Muscle Bi from Wind-Cold-Damp, spasms, cramps
Why are steroids bad for arthritis?
They harm the bone
Factors Influencing Osteo-Arthritis
Weigh bearing joint
use of steroids
age
Factors of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Female 8-15 y/o or 25-55 y/o Recurring infections (esp. tonsillitis) Family history small joints, bilaterally morning stiffness swelling or tingling of hands or feek, nodules or cyst around affected joints deformed joints, feeling of malaise blood test! (RF factor >20) may show anemia Sx ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
Goals for Arthritis Tx
Relieve Pain
Minimize Joint Destruction
Maintain Range of Motion of Joint
Increase Strength of Joint
Frozen Shoulder Syndrome
how people get it
During pregnancy (bones open) - can either make better or worse Something gets in there and stays
Frozen Shoulder
Differential Dx
- Supraspinatu Tendinitis (painful arch 60degrees to 120 degrees, but otherwise no pain)
- Adhesive capsulitis bursitis (acute=red and swollen)
- Bicipital Tendinitis (long head) (tender at Pc2, so press on it then get patient to move arm at elbow and pain will go away)
- Rotator Cuff injury (degeneration, etc, will start with 1 or 2 tendons having partial tears, then more tendons tear later or sometimes tendons tear all the way and need surgery)
Pain Management
Pathologies
- Stagnation of Qi and Blood
- Imbalance of Yin and Yang
- Imbalance of Ascending and Descending
Reasons for Stagnation of Qi and Blood
Cold Damp Heat Frustration Trauma Phlegm/fluids Qi and Blood Xu Lingering Dx go to Collaterals
Pain - Etiology
Emotional EPF Internal Injury Trauma Phlegm/retained Fluids Blood Stasis
Pain Classification Methods
Etiology
Location
Nature
Pain
Nature of it
Cold
Heat
Xu
Shi
Pain
POT
- Stop pain
- Tx Ben and Biao
* change plan when Sx change, Tx organ and Channel differently
Pain
Modalities
Herbal (internal and external) Acup/Moxa Auricular Cupping Guasha Heat/Cold Tuina
Skin Lesion Types
Local and Severe (few general Sx, focus on local)
Chronic, Flat, Deep lesions (more general stuff - pale face and lips, SOB, weak pulse)
If pain precedes swelling…
Blood issue at tendon and bone level
If swelling precedes pain
Qi issue
If injury is red then …..
have strong Qi and Blood
If injury is pale but sore and swoolen
Qi and Blood Xu
What are the three levels of Qi and Blood Stasis?
Muscle
Tendon
Bone
What are the Pathologies of Pain
- Stagnation of Qi and Blood
- Imbalance of Yin and Yang
- Imbalance of Ascending and Descending
How to Classify Pain
Etiology
Location
Nature