external factors(material deprivation) Flashcards

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1
Q

external explanations for class-based differences in education:

A
  1. material deprivation
  2. parental attitudes (cultural deprivation)
  3. speech codes
  4. cultural capital
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2
Q

material deprivation- what is it?

A

inability to afford basic resources, which can impact a pupil’s educational achievement.
-means pupils are unable to afford things like sufficient food, heating or clothing and educational resources= likely to affect educational performance + lead to underachievement

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3
Q

example of material deprivation

A

they may lack nutritious food, which might lead to poor focus in lessons, illness absences in school= fall behind
-may live in overcrowded house + lack space to study , other may lack revision resources, internet access

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4
Q

impact of material deprivation= Washbrook and Waldfogel (2010) found that how much percent of the difference in scores between 5 year olds from middle-income and low income families was explained by material deprivation?

A

31%

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5
Q

Hirsch(2007)
advantages that wealthier students have

A

-more likely to have structured out-of-school activities such as sports or music lessons for students to learn particular skills + gave greater confidence in school to achieve higher grades
-more space (such as their own bedroom)
-more likely to benefit from private education

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6
Q

Hirsch - the quality of school only has?

A

14% difference

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7
Q

smith and noble(1996)
‘barriers to learning’ that can result from low income:
high supplementary cost

A

(tanner et al 2003)
-high supplementary costs= for families unable to affoord school uniforms, school trips, transport to and from school, classroom materials and, in some cases=textboojs
-can lead to students being isolated, bullied , stigmatised + fall behind on schoolwork

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8
Q

smith and noble(1996)
‘barriers to learning’ that can result from low income:
low income

A

-low income reduces likelihood of a computer with internet access, a desk, educational toys, space to do homework + comfortable well-heated home

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9
Q

smith and noble(1996)
‘barriers to learning’ that can result from low income:
marketisation of schools

A

means there will be better resources, oversubscribed schools in more affluent areas, while socially disadvantaged students are concentrated in a limited number of increasingly unpopular schools

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10
Q

smith and noble(1996)
‘barriers to learning’ that can result from low income:
older working-class students are more likely to?
what does sociologist Reay(2005) find?

A

work part-time to support their studies or to have to care for younger siblings = affect attendance at school, harder to gain higher-class degrees

-Reay found that wc students were more likely to apply to local universities so they could live at home + save on travel costs = gives them less opportunity to go to highest-status univerity

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11
Q

free school meals

A

gov recognises the benefits of providing a healthy school meal to the most disadvantaged pupils
-the education act 1996 requires maintained schools + academies to provide fsm to disadvantaged pupils aged 5-16

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12
Q

pupil premium

A

pupil premium grant is funding to improve educational outcomes for disadvantaged pupils

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13
Q

with pupil premium schools can use this money on:

A

-supporting the high-quality teaching such as staff professional development
-providing targeted academic support e.g tutoring , including through the national tutoring programme
-tackling non-academic barriers to academic success, such as difficulties in attendance, behavior and social + emotional wellbeing

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14
Q

impact of pupil premium

A

-students supported by the pupil premium do exceptionally well in all years
-evaluating the impact of such funding policy difficult because of changes over time in the economy, legal definitions

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15
Q

Howard (2001) - diet and health (material deprivation)

A

notes that young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of vitamins and minerals
-poor nutrition affects health e.g weakening the immune system, lower energy levesl

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16
Q

cooper and Stewart (2013)

A

found that poorer children have worse cognitive,social-behaviour and health issues

17
Q

machin(2007) behaviour of students from low income family

A

found children from low income families more likely to engage in ‘externalising’ behaviour (such as fighting and temper tantrums)

18
Q

catchment areas

A

in deprived areas may have social problems- lead to poor role models for young people to imitate
-school within these areas more likely to have discipline problems

19
Q

external factors- material deprivation include

A

housing
diet
catchment area
financial support and the costs
fear of debt

20
Q

diet and health statistics
how many households with children experienced food security in septemmber 2022?

A

one in four households = affecting 4 million children

21
Q

the guardian poor housing
children in poor housing are:

A

-between 1.5 and 3.5 times more likely to develop a cough
-have a 25% higher risk of severe ill-health + disability during childhood and early childhood

22
Q

Ball(2005) what does he say marketisation has led to?

A

marketisation means those who have more money have greater choice of schools= selection by mortgage

23
Q

conner et al(2001) + Forsyth and Furlong(2003) found?

A

introduction of tuition fes in HE puts wc children off going to university in fear of debt

24
Q

the existence of private schools means the wealthy can afford a better education.

A

children from private schools over-represented in the best unis

25
Q

evaluations of material deprivation

A

-too deterministic as some students from poor backgrounds do well =more accurate to say poverty disadvantages wc students makes it more difficult for them to succeed than it being a causal factor

-other differences between classes that may lead to wc underachievement. e.g those from wc backgrounds not just materially deprived but culturally deprived too

-material deprivation theorists ignore the importance of culture and internal factors