external factors (cultural deprivation) Flashcards
what is cultural deprivation?
being deprived of cultural attributes necessary for educational success
parental attitudes -wc parents
-wc parents often have poor experience of education themselves, not see it valuable
-pass on these values to children through socialisation = make wc children disengaged and demotivated
-wc parent not comfortable in school environment, choose not to attend parents evening= disadvantage children
parental attitudes-mc parents
support values + decisions of school and are actively engaged in their child education
what did sociologist Douglas find in the 1960s?
found that parental attitudes was most significant in affecting attainment
what did Fernstein (2003) find?
found that material deprivation had some effect on achievement but that cultural deprivation was much more important= parental involvement and support largely determines child’s success
Goodman and Gregg(2010)
agreed with feinstein
-identified cultural factors that helped low educational achievement among poor children
Goodman and Gregg(2010) cultural factors that helped low educational achievement among poor children:
-quality of mother-child interactions and the amount of time parents spent with children(attending schools, helping with homework,discussing school reports)
- overall value placed on education by the parent
-extend of negative behaviour by the children(for example truancy) compared to positive behavior (participation in sport)
subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
what time orientation does wc have?
present-time orientation
live life in moment rather than worry about future
fatalistic attitude
subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
what time orientation does mc have?
future-time orientation
think about + worry for future plans
subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
gratification of wc
seek immediate gratification
-enjoy yourself now, spend wage when you receive it
subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
gratification of mc
deferred gratification attitude
subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
collectivism and individualism - wc
success achieved through collective action e.g union going on strike
subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
collectivism and individualism-mc
individualism= self-focused
subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
attitudes to luck-wc
your chance in life based upon luck or fate= fatalism
subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
attitude to luck - mc
do not count on luck, take actual action
actively work = chances based on hardwork
language (speech codes) what sociologist speaks about this?
Bernstein = argues speech shapes educational acheivement
what does Bernstein argue?
different social classes are socialised to speak using different speech codes
what two codes does Bernstein distinguish?
-restricted code= involves simpler use of language + used by wc students, contains grammatical errors, simple short sentences
-elaborated code=used by mc, contains wider vocab, more complex long sentences, is anlaytical
parents education-Douglas (1964) middle-class parents are more likely to?
have achieved better in education and have higher qualifications
parents education-Douglas (1964)
parenting style
mc parents more likely to emphasise discipline + high expectations
parents education-Douglas (1964)
parents educational behaviour
mc parents more likely to read to their children
help with hw
attend events e.g parent evenings
parents education-Douglas (1964)
more income
mc parents earn more because of their education = high-income correlates to higher educational achievement for students
parents education-Douglas (1964)
use of income
mc parents more likely to spend their income in ways benefitting child’s education
compensatory education
compensatory education programmes aim to tackle cultural deprivation by providing resources to schools in deprived areas
e.g
-improving parenting skills
-home visits by educational psychologists
evaluation of cultural external factors
Keddie (1973)
cultural deprivation is a ‘myth’ that blames the victime=wc students culturally different,not culturally deprived
evaluation of cultural external factors
Troyna and Williams (1986)
language is not the problem,s chools attitude towards language is
teachers have a ‘speech hierarchy’- mc, wc, black speec
evaluation of cultural external factors
Evans(2007)
most wc parents placed a very high value on education+ did encourage their children to do well
