External and Internal Anatomy of the Brain (Lab Week 1) Flashcards
CNS
Brain: brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum/forebrain
Spinal cord
Brainstem
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Cerebrum
Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, related regions
Telencephalon (aka cerebral hemispheres): cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala, related regions
(aka forebrain, aka from prosencephalon?)
Three primary brain vesicles that develop
Forebrain/prosencephalon –> telencephalon, diencephalon
Midbrain/mesencephalon –> mesencephalon
Hindbrain/rhombencephalon –> metencephalon, myelencephalon
Layers surrounding the brain
Inner meninges: arachnoid, pia
Dura mater
4 lobes of cerebral hemisphere
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Bulges and depressions on the external surface of the brain
Bulges: gyri
Depressions: sulci
Corpus callosum
Large white matter tract that connects left and right hemispheres
Ventricles of the brain
2 lateral ventricles
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
Lateral ventricles
Cavities that persist within cerebral hemispheres during development
Each lateral ventricle can be divided into sections: anterior horn, body, posterior horn, inferior horn (temporal horn)
Communicate with third ventricle via the interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)
Communication between all ventricles
Lateral ventricles to third ventricle via interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)
Third ventricle with fourth ventricle via cerebral aqueduct
Fourth ventricle to subarachnoid space to venous sinuses and reabsorbed into systemic circulation
Gray matter
Brain regions with high concentrations of neuronal cell bodies
Identified broadly as brain nuclei or cortex
White matter
Consists primarily of axons of neurons and myelin covering (myelin has high lipid content)
What does the basal ganglia contain?
Caudate nucleus
Lenticular nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus)
Precentral gyrus
In frontal lobe
Primary motor cortex
