external anatomy of the heart

Question 1

where is the apex of the heart?

Answer 1

left 5th intercostal space- formed by left ventricle

Question 2

what are the 4 surfaces of the heart?

Answer 2

anterior-sternocostal
diaphragmatic
left pulmonary
right pulmonary

Question 3

the crista terminalis is marked externally by a vertical groove called the?

Answer 3

sulcus terminalis

Question 4

what does the crista terminalis separate?

Answer 4

right atrium proper and sinus of venae cavae

Question 5

what represents the embryonic sinus venosus?

Answer 5

sinus of venae cavae

Question 6

the fossa ovalis a remnant of what?

Answer 6

foramen ovale which closes at birth

Question 7

what are the openings in the right atrium?

Answer 7

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
anterior veins of right ventricle 
right ventricle

Question 8

what do the chordae tendinae prevent?

Answer 8

eversion of the valve during ventricular contraction

Question 9

the upper portion of the right ventricle which ends in the pulmonary trunk is called?

Answer 9

conus arteriosus

Question 10

what are the openings in the right ventricle?

Answer 10

right atrium

pulmonary trunk

Question 11

what are the openings in the left ventricle?

Answer 11

left atrium

aorta

Question 12

what are the openings in the left atrium?

Answer 12

pulmonary veins

left ventricle

Question 13

what is different about the trabeculae carnae in the left ventricle?

Answer 13

finer and more numerous than in the right ventricle

Question 14

what is the smooth walled portion of the left ventricle below the cusps of the aortic valve?

Answer 14

aortic vestibule

Question 15

what is different about the walls of each ventricle?

Answer 15

the left is 2-3 times thicker than the right

Question 16

what are the 4 parts of the septal wall?

Answer 16

interatrial septum
atrioventricular septum
membranous interventricular septum
muscular interventricular septum

Question 17

in contrast to the mitral and tricuspid valves, the pulmonary and aortic valves lack?

Answer 17

chordae tendinae and papillary muscles

Question 18

which valve closes with contraction?

Answer 18

atrioventricular

Question 19

which valve opens with contraction

Answer 19

semilunar

Question 20

what is another name for the pulmonary and aortic valves?

Answer 20

semilunar valves

Question 21

what are the features of the 3 semilunar cusps of the pulmonary and aortic valves?

Answer 21

nodules
lunules
pulmonary and aortic sinuses

Question 22

the fibrous skeleton of the heart is a connective tissue framework composed of?

Answer 22

fibrous rings-foundation of heart valves
left and right fibrous trigones- strongest part
membranous part of septal wall

Question 23

what are the functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Answer 23

1 provide structural framework for the valves

2 insulate electrical impulses of the conduction system within the artial wall from those within the ventricular wall